matbaan\u0131n J. Gutenberg<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, hareketli harflerle bask\u0131 tekni\u011fine ge\u00e7ilmesi, bas\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesini ve gazetecili\u011fin bir meslek haline gelmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat buna ra\u011fmen 17. asra gelinceye kadar bas\u0131n faaliyetleri emekleme devresinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\u0130lk zamanlar g\u00fcndelik olmayan gazeteler ne\u015fredilmi\u015f, 17. ve 18. as\u0131rlardan itibaren Almanya, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa gibi Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde g\u00fcnl\u00fck gazeteler yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. On sekizinci as\u0131rdan itibaren meydana gelen baz\u0131 siyasi ve ilmi geli\u015fmeler, gazetecili\u011fi, habercilik h\u00fcviyetinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p, \u00e7e\u015fitli konular\u0131n i\u015flendi\u011fi ve kendi b\u00fcnyesinde te\u015fkilatlanmaya gidilen bir sekt\u00f6r haline getirdi. Ula\u015f\u0131m ve haberle\u015fme vas\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi, gazetelerin yay\u0131l\u0131p da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece b\u00fcy\u00fck kitleleri etkilemesi sa\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlay\u0131\u015fa uygun ilk iki gazete, Almanya’da 1609 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Aviso Relation oder Zeitung, 15 Ocak’ta ilk say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve haftal\u0131k olarak yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Saksonya’da, Wolfenb\u00fcttel’ de yay\u0131nlanan gazetenin sahibi Julius Adolph von S\u00f6hne idi ve bu \u015fah\u0131s, Kraliyet Matbaas\u0131’n\u0131n da y\u00f6neticisiydi. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk gazetelerinden biri olan Aviso Rekution oder Zeitung’ut\u0131ilk say\u0131s\u0131, 15 Ocak 1609 g\u00fcn\u00fc A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Saksonya’n\u0131nWolfenk\u00fcttet kentinde yay\u0131nland\u0131. Aviso, yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 1616 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. D\u00f6rt y\u0131ll\u0131k bir aradan sonra, Elias Holwein, gazeteyi yeniden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00d6teki gazete ise, “Relation: Aller F\u00fcrnemmen und Gedenckw\u00fcrdingen Historien” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Haftada bir kez Strasbourg’da bas\u0131lan gazetenin \u00fczerinde tarih yoktu. Her say\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine sadece ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 say\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirten bir rakam konuyordu. Johan Carolus y\u00f6netimindeki gazete, yay\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 1622 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Eyl\u00fcl 16\u00db9’da \u00e7\u0131kan 37. say\u0131s\u0131nda, Galileo’nun teleskobuyla ilgili bir haber vard\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk g\u00fcnl\u00fck gazete<\/h2>\n
“Einkommenden Zeitungen” ad\u0131yla Timotheus Ritzsch taraf\u0131ndan 1650 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Temmuz ve Eyl\u00fcl aylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Almanya’n\u0131n Leipzig kentinde yay\u0131nland\u0131. \u00dczerinde, tarih yerine s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 bulunan bu gazetenin ilk say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 1 Temmuz g\u00fcn\u00fc bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131l\u0131yor. 6. say\u0131s\u0131 ile 83. say\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan 68 tanesi, halen \u0130sve\u00e7’te, Uppsala \u00dcniversitesi’nde saklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk g\u00fcnl\u00fck gazeteler Almanya\u2019da Leipziger Zeitung (1660), \u0130ngiltere\u2019de Daily Courant (1702), Fransa\u2019da Journal de Paris (1777)\u2019dir. Siyasi gazetecilik ise \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, ilk ba\u015fmakale 1704\u2019te yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fransa ve Almanya\u2019da ilk siyasi gazeteler Frans\u0131z ihtilali s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, siyasi haber ve yorumu da gazetecili\u011fin temel vas\u0131flar\u0131 aras\u0131na soktu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Haber toplama ve bunlar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u00e7larla insanlara duyurma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n insanl\u0131k tarihiyle ya\u015f\u0131t oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da milattan \u00f6nce on sekizinci as\u0131rda resmi bir gazetenin yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131, yine M.\u00d6. Romal\u0131lar devrinde g\u00fcnl\u00fck olaylar\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,22],"tags":[450],"class_list":["post-807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eglence","category-toplum","tag-gazete"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/807"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=807"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/807\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8301,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/807\/revisions\/8301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=807"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=807"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}