\u0130lk madeni paralar T\u00fcrkiye’nin bat\u0131s\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan Lidyal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Lidya kral\u0131 Alyattes emriyle bas\u0131ld\u0131. M.\u00d6. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma bu paralar yanlar\u0131 yass\u0131ca oval \u015fekilde neredeyse\u00a0birbirine e\u015fit alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00a0madenlerinde sikkeler olarak bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Paralar\u0131n bir taraf\u0131nda kral\u0131n simgesi olan\u00a0aslan veya bo\u011fa fig\u00fcr\u00fc, di\u011fer \u00a0taraf\u0131nda ise paran\u0131n de\u011ferini g\u00f6steren i\u015faretler vard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ticaretin,\u00a0ba\u015fka mallar ve hizmetler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda takas edildi\u011fi tarih \u00f6ncesi \u00e7a\u011flardan beri bir \u015feyler sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Takas ekonomisi para birimi olarak s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, koyun veya ba\u015fka hayvanlar\u0131, yada \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri de\u011fi\u015fme esas\u0131na dayan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
M.\u00d6 1100 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, \u00c7in’de, b\u0131\u00e7ak, ma\u00e7a\u00a0veya di\u011fer silahlara benzeyen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck metal e\u015fyalar\u00a0para yerine kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u0131l sonra, deniz kabuklar\u0131 para olarak kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ortas\u0131na delik delinerek bir ipe dizilen deniz kabuklar\u0131 ilk para birimi olarak\u00a0paran\u0131n tarihine ge\u00e7ti.\u00a0Bu nispeten sofistike bir para birimi sistemiydi.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk de\u011ferli madenlerden bas\u0131lan ilk\u00a0paralar M.\u00d6 600\u00a0l\u00fc y\u0131llarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Lydia Kral\u0131 Alyattes, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve alt\u0131n kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olan elektrondan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f madeni paralar\u0131n bas\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. Modern paralar gibi, farkl\u0131 de\u011ferleri temsil etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli resimlerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015flerdi.\u00a0Bu geli\u015fme, Lydia’n\u0131n b\u00f6lgesinde bask\u0131n ve zengin bir g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n
Lydia’n\u0131n madeni paralar\u0131 bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ralarda \u00c7inliler ka\u011f\u0131t paraya ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131lar. \u0130lk ka\u011f\u0131t paralar\u0131n hammaddesi deriydi.<\/p>\n
Ticaret yaparken paran\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a0Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u00a0topraklar\u0131ndan sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00a0Akdeniz medeniyetlerine\u00a0yay\u0131ld\u0131. Neredeyse ba\u015fa ge\u00e7en her kral kendi ad\u0131na para bast\u0131r\u0131yordu. Kral ad\u0131na para bas\u0131lmas\u0131 Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tescili anlam\u0131na gelmekteydi. Milattan \u00f6nce\u00a05 ve 4. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda bir \u00e7ok Yunan kral\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekil ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klarda paralar bast\u0131rd\u0131.\u00a0Genellikle bu paralar iri ve dikd\u00f6rtgen \u015feklinde bas\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Zamanla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclen bu alt\u0131n paralar, daha \u00f6nceleri\u00a0yakla\u015f\u0131k 327 gr a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iken, daha sonralar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7te bir a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa 109 gr ve daha da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclerek\u00a027 gr a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011fa kadar d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
M.\u00d6. 320 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir y\u00fcz\u00fcne B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in profili bas\u0131lan paralar bas\u0131ld\u0131. O d\u00f6nemde, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender Tanr\u0131 olarak kabul edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skenderin portresinin bas\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu\u00a0paralar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir \u00e7ok yerine ula\u015ft\u0131. Daha sonra ba\u015fka kral ve imparatorlar\u0131n portreleri de paralar \u00fczerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Roma\u2019ya ilk g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f para M.\u00d6. 269 y\u0131l\u0131nda girmi\u015ftir. Roma sikkelerinin bas\u0131m\u0131 ise M.\u00d6. 180 y\u0131llar\u0131na rastlamaktad\u0131r. Alt\u0131n paran\u0131n\u00a0 Roma\u2019ya giri\u015fi Kral Sulla devrinde olmu\u015ftur. Kral Croesus ise, k\u0131ymeti devlet\u00e7e garanti edilmi\u015f alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f paralar bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Pakistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u0130ndus k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda M.\u00d6. 2900 y\u0131llar\u0131na ait paralar bulunmu\u015ftur. Asur\u00a0 h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131ndan Sennasherib\u2019in M.\u00d6. 700 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 224,5 gr a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki\u00a0 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f k\u00fcl\u00e7eler bulunan en eski paralardand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M.\u00d6. 5. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait \u00c7in hanedan\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131na resmi de\u011fer tayin etti\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca bak\u0131r ve kalaydan f\u00fclus cinsinden ufakl\u0131k paralar \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n
Ka\u011f\u0131t paralar\u0131n ilk kullan\u0131m\u0131 ise 11. y\u00fczy\u0131lda oldu. Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatoru Kubilay Han, askerlerinin maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ka\u011f\u0131t para ile \u00f6demeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Avrupa’da ise ka\u011f\u0131t para ilk kez 1661 y\u0131l\u0131nda Stockholm’de bas\u0131ld\u0131. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra \u0130ngiltere’de de ka\u011f\u0131t paralar g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131nda ilk ka\u011f\u0131t banknotlar, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Tarihin en b\u00fcy\u00fck uygarl\u0131klar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131, varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 paray\u0131 bilmeden s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Babillileri, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131, \u0130nka ve Maya uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sayabiliriz. Bu toplumlarda al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f “takas usul\u00fc”ne g\u00f6re yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 bir in\u015faat ustas\u0131n\u0131n ayl\u0131k \u00fccreti, 200 somun ekmek ve be\u015f kavanoz bira idi. O da, bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketir, geri kalan\u0131yla da \u00f6teki gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lard\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130lk madeni paralar T\u00fcrkiye’nin bat\u0131s\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f olan Lidyal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Lidya kral\u0131 Alyattes emriyle bas\u0131ld\u0131. M.\u00d6. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma bu paralar yanlar\u0131 yass\u0131ca oval \u015fekilde neredeyse\u00a0birbirine e\u015fit alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f\u00a0madenlerinde sikkeler…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5830,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317,22],"tags":[451,2523,2522,2524,2521],"class_list":["post-810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","category-toplum","tag-para","tag-paranin-icadi","tag-parayi-bulan-kim","tag-parayi-bulan-millet","tag-parayi-kim-icat-etti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/810"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=810"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8975,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/810\/revisions\/8975"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5830"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}