{"id":8101,"date":"2010-06-23T19:29:22","date_gmt":"2010-06-23T17:29:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8101"},"modified":"2018-10-01T00:50:48","modified_gmt":"2018-09-30T22:50:48","slug":"mesrutiyeti-kim-ilan-etti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8101","title":{"rendered":"Me\u015frutiyeti kim ilan etti"},"content":{"rendered":"

23 Aral\u0131k 1876\u2019da Me\u015frutiyet top sesleriyle ilan olundu.\u00a0Esas olarak on iki \u201cfas\u0131l\u201d ve y\u00fcz dokuz maddeden olu\u015fuyordu. Ama nereden bak\u0131l\u0131rsa bak\u0131ls\u0131n bir milli devrim hareketinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olmaktan hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131. Yap\u0131lan, sonu\u00e7 olarak, \u00f6zellikle saltanat makam\u0131n\u0131n hak ve yetkilerini g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmak suretiyle, eksik bir Bat\u0131 kopyac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn eksikliklerine ra\u011fmen yine de \u00f6nemli yenilikleri ve at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 kapsayan bu anayasa<\/a>, padi\u015fah\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 devleti tebas\u0131n\u0131n genel haklar\u0131n\u0131, devlet ileri gelenlerinin stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc, meclislerin (Genel Meclis, Milletvekilleri Meclisi, \u00c2yan Meclisi) yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, mahkemeler, yarg\u0131 usulleri, divan\u0131 \u00e2li kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, hazine, maliye, vilayet \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini ve \u00e7e\u015fitli baz\u0131 konulan yeni bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda ele al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Kendi durumunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek isteyen ve planlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini sa\u011flayacak uygun bir ortam\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 dileyen Abd\u00fclhamid<\/strong> II,Midhat Pa\u015fa ile devaml\u0131 s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fme halindeydi. \u00d6nce Ziya Pa\u015fa Suriye Valili\u011fi\u2019ne g\u00f6nderildi. Nam\u0131k Kemal \u0130stanbul\u2019u terki reddetti. Midhat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 \u00e7oktu.
\nPadi\u015fah, Midhat Pa\u015fa\u2019y\u0131 azletti ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcne yollad\u0131. Bu beklenenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir tepki yaratt\u0131. Me\u015frutiyet ve anayasa tarafl\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir korku ve panik havas\u0131 i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Padi\u015fah, bundan da yararlanmakta gecikmedi ve Midhat Pa\u015fa ile ili\u015fkisi olan kim varsa hepsinin kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131, tutuklan\u0131p t\u00fcrl\u00fc cezalara \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 buyurdu.\u00a0Bundan sonra kamuoyunun ve Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tepkilerini hesaba katan padi\u015fah temkinli davrand\u0131. Meclis ve bas\u0131n serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1877\u2019de Rusya ile yeniden sava\u015f ba\u015flad\u0131. Milletvekilleri seslerini y\u00fckseltmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.
\nBu al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f durum, Abd\u00fclhamid II\u2019yi iyice rahats\u0131z etti. O s\u0131rada Edirne d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, Ruslar Ayastafonos\u2019a kadar geldiler. 28 Haziran 1877\u2033de padi\u015fah meclisi da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131 ve baz\u0131 milletvekillerini s\u00fcrd\u00fc.
\nMeclisin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Abd\u00fclhamid II y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi ve anayasay\u0131 toptan kald\u0131rmay\u0131 o g\u00fcnler i\u00e7in uygun bulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden kamuoyunu yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir d\u00fczene gitmi\u015f ve ikinci bir milletvekilleri meclisinin toplanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara giri\u015filmesini buyurmu\u015ftur.
\nOcak 1878\u2019de toplanan yeni meclis de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a padi\u015fah ve h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ele\u015ftiriyor, askeri ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sorumlular\u0131n\u0131 kovu\u015fturuyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu arada bir ba\u015fka muhalefet de Sadrazam Ahmed Hamdi Pa\u015fa\u2019dan gelmi\u015ftir. Ahmed Hamdi Pa\u015fa\u2019ya g\u00f6re, Abd\u00fclHamid II\u2019nin izledi\u011fi politika ve y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi, \u00fclke ve halk yarar\u0131na olmaktan uzakt\u0131.
\nMilletvekilleri ile Hamdi Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ortak \u00e7abalar\u0131, padi\u015fah\u0131 gere\u011finden \u00e7ok \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcp korkutmu\u015ftu. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019i kar\u015f\u0131 tedbirler almaya zorlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Ahmed Vefik Pa\u015fa yeniden Ba\u015fvekil olmu\u015f, Rusya ile a\u011f\u0131r bir bar\u0131\u015f imzalanm\u0131\u015f, 14 \u015eubat 1878\u2019de Meclis tatil edilmi\u015f, pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bundan sonras\u0131nda art\u0131k, \u00fclkede anayasa yoktur; milletvekilleri meclisi yoktur ve kanun, hak, adalet, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck tek kelimeyle insan ve insanl\u0131k ad\u0131na s\u00f6z konusu olabilecek her
\n\u015fey yine tek bir \u015fahs\u0131n kararlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Denilebilir ki hareket, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f bir siyasi partiyle birlikte ve onun bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak geli\u015fseydi, b\u00f6yle olmayacak ve me\u015frutiyet dayal\u0131 oldu\u011fu o parti taraf\u0131ndan korunacakt\u0131. \u0130kinci deneme b\u00f6yle bir anlay\u0131\u015ftan hareketle yap\u0131ld\u0131 ve y\u00f6netimi Bat\u0131l\u0131 anlamda d\u00fczenlemek amac\u0131yla 23 Temmuz 1908\u2019de, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi\u2019nin destekledi\u011fi \u0130kinci Me\u015frutiyet il\u00e2n edildi. Bu ikinci giri\u015fim 21 Aral\u0131k 1918\u2019e kadar s\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

23 Aral\u0131k 1876\u2019da Me\u015frutiyet top sesleriyle ilan olundu.\u00a0Esas olarak on iki \u201cfas\u0131l\u201d ve y\u00fcz dokuz maddeden olu\u015fuyordu. Ama nereden bak\u0131l\u0131rsa bak\u0131ls\u0131n bir milli devrim hareketinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olmaktan hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-toplum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8101"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8101"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12129,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8101\/revisions\/12129"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}