S\u00f6rf\u00fcn, tarih\u00f6ncesi \u00e7a\u011flardan beri G\u00fcney Yar\u0131k\u00fcre denizlerinde (\u00f6zellikle Pasifik adalar\u0131) yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Polinezyal\u0131 denizciler k\u0131y\u0131ya d\u00f6nebilmek i\u00e7in zorunlu olarak s\u00f6rf yaparlard\u0131. S\u00f6rf\u00fcn bu ilk bi\u00e7imi hem geni\u015f bir tahtayla, hem de v\u00fccutla yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Kaptan James Cook Tahiti ve Oahu’ya vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (1777-78) uzun bir tahta kano kullanarak e\u011flenceye d\u00f6n\u00fck s\u00f6rf yapanlar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtmekteydi. Avrupal\u0131 misyonerlerin ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle 1821’de yasaklad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6rf, ancak Hawaiili \u00fcnl\u00fc y\u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc Duke Paoa Kahanamoku’nun Waikiki’de ilk s\u00f6rf kul\u00fcb\u00fcn\u00fc kurdu\u011fu 1920’de resmi bir spor dal\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kahanamoku’nun 1968’de \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00f6nce bu spor d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6rf yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bir dalga kayak\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n temel donan\u0131m\u0131, ki\u015fisel \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ve \u00fczerinde k\u0131y\u0131ya yakla\u015fan dalgalarda kaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kayma tahtas\u0131d\u0131r.
\nYar\u0131\u015fmalarda, yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131lardan, birka\u00e7 dalga
\n\u00fczerinde kaymalar\u0131 istenebilir. Her kayma ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilir ve en iyi dereceler toplanarak son de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00d6REVL\u0130LER: G\u00f6revli say\u0131s\u0131, yar\u0131\u015fman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. Yar\u0131\u015fmalarda genel olarak, 1 ba\u015fhakem, 1 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f hakemi ve 4 g\u00f6zlemci g\u00f6revli olarak bulunur.<\/p>\n
\u00c7IKI\u015e: \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f hakeminin komutu ile yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131lar suya girer, kayaklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine yat\u0131p elleri ile k\u00fcrek \u00e7ekerek a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r ve kaymaya ba\u015flamak i\u00e7in uygun dalgay\u0131 beklerler.<\/p>\n
S\u00dcRE: Yar\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi, yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. S\u00fcre, herbiri 12 \u2014 15 dakikal\u0131k ilk turlara ve 20 dakika s\u00fcren final turuna b\u00f6l\u00fcnebilir. Yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131lar, her turda belirli say\u0131da dalgada kaymal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Kayma say\u0131s\u0131, ko\u015fullara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak saptan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u0130Y\u0130M: Giysiler iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re t\u00fcm v\u00fccudu saran su ge\u00e7irmez lastik tulumdan, mayo ve ince bir fanilaya de\u011fin de\u011fi\u015fik t\u00fcrlerde olabilir. Yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131lar, parmak aralar\u0131 perdeli eldiven ve lastik bot kullanabilirler.<\/p>\n
KAYMA TAHTALARI (SURF) : Genellikle, kayak\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, deneyimine ve yapaca\u011f\u0131 kayma t\u00fcr\u00fcne g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik bi\u00e7imde kayma tahtalar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME: Yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131lar, \u00fczerinde kayd\u0131klar\u0131 her dalga i\u00e7in puan al\u0131rlar. De\u011ferlendirme, 0 ile 20 puan aras\u0131nda puan verilerek yap\u0131l\u0131r. Puanlar\u0131n verilmesinde;<\/p>\n
1. Dalgay\u0131 alarak kaymaya ba\u015flama (dalgadan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f).
\n4. D\u00f6nerek dalgay\u0131 kesme ve dalgaya giri\u015f. 5. Kaya\u011f\u0131n ucunda kayma, g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131r.
\nBir yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 kurallara uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da di\u011fer bir yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131y\u0131 engelledi\u011finde puanlar\u0131ndan kesinti yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\nSon de\u011ferlendirme ise, her yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131n\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kayma say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenir. Yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131, 5 ayr\u0131 kayma yapt\u0131 ise en iyi puanlar\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc, 6 kayma yapt\u0131 ise d\u00f6rd\u00fc, 7 kayma yapt\u0131 ise be\u015fi i\u00e7in toplam puan son de\u011ferlendirmeyi belirler.<\/p>\n
ENGELLEME: Bir yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131;
\na) Kaymakta olan ba\u015fka bir kayak\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n dalgas\u0131na girmemelidir,
\nb) Denize a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken ba\u015fka bir turda kaymakta olan kayak\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 engellememelidir,
\nc) Yar\u0131\u015fma d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndayken yar\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131nda kayma- mal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nBir turun bitiminden sonra t\u00fcm yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131lar, kayma tahtalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine diz \u00e7\u00f6kerek ya da y\u00fcz\u00fckoyun yatarak hemen k\u0131y\u0131ya d\u00f6nmelidirler.<\/p>\n
DALGAYI ALMAK: Olanaklar elverdi\u011fi s\u00fcrece bir dalga \u00fczerinde yaln\u0131z bir yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 kaymal\u0131d\u0131r. Bir yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131ya;
\n1. E\u011fer dalga k\u0131vr\u0131m\u0131na di\u011fer yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131lardan daha yak\u0131nsa,
\n2. O dalgaya do\u011fru y\u00fczen yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7inde ilk olarak kayma tahtas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde aya\u011fa kalkan kendisi ise,
\n3. Dalga doru\u011funa en yak\u0131n ki\u015fi ise, dalgay\u0131 almas\u0131nda \u00f6ncelik tan\u0131n\u0131r.
\nBir y\u00fcksek dalgan\u0131n her iki yan\u0131nda da birer yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 varsa, her yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 dalgan\u0131n kendinden yana olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
CEZALAR: Engelleme ve kurallara ayk\u0131r\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar, yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131lar\u0131n puanlar\u0131ndan kesinti yap\u0131larak ya da hatal\u0131 davranan yar\u0131\u015fmac\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131\u015fmadan diskalifiye edilmesi ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n