{"id":8121,"date":"2012-04-06T20:15:28","date_gmt":"2012-04-06T18:15:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8121"},"modified":"2017-01-06T20:24:59","modified_gmt":"2017-01-06T18:24:59","slug":"nikeli-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8121","title":{"rendered":"Nikeli kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nikel Eski\u00e7a\u011fdan beri di\u011fer madenlerle ala\u015f\u0131m halinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nikel ilk kez 1751\u2019de isve\u00e7li kimyager Axel F. Cronstedt<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan ay\u0131rdedilmi\u015ftir ve ad\u0131n\u0131 “bak\u0131r cini” anlam\u0131na gelen \u0130sve\u00e7\u00e7e koppar- nickel s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok kayada nikel filizi bulunur. Bununla birlikte, \u00e7ok de\u011ferli olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, metalin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 birka\u00e7 b\u00f6lgeyle s\u0131n\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131ca nikel kayna\u011f\u0131, d\u00fcnya \u00fcretiminin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011funu kar\u015f\u0131layan Kanada\u2019daki Sudbury yataklar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6teki \u00f6nemlice yataklar, Yeni Kaledonya, Laponya ve K\u00fcba\u2019dad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nikel kimyasal bir elementtir. Grimsi-beyaz renkte bir metaldir.\u00a0Nikel, ayn\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmamakla beraber demire benzer. Demir kolayca paslanan bir maddedir. Nemli havada bulunan su ve oksijenle birle\u015ferek pas olu\u015fturur. Nikel ise paslanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu y\u00f6n\u00fc ile demirden farkl\u0131d\u0131r ve daha \u00e7ok bak\u0131ra benzer. Ancak bak\u0131r yumu\u015fak bir madendir, nikel ise sertlik ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan demire benzer.<\/p>\n

Nikel, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde en \u00e7ok bulunan elementler aras\u0131nda 24. gelir. Genellikle, ba\u015fka metalleri de i\u00e7eren maden filizlerinde (metal \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan kayalar) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oranda bulunur. Bu nedenle elde edilmesi olduk\u00e7a zor ve masrafl\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc nikel gereksinmesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 Kanada\u2019n\u0131n Ontario b\u00f6lgesindeki maden yataklar\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca B\u00fcy\u00fck okyanusun g\u00fcneybat\u0131 kesiminde bulunan Yeni Kaledonya adas\u0131nda da zengin nikel yataklar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nikel \u00f6zellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan \u00f6nemli bir elementtir. Ala\u015f\u0131m iki ya da daha fazla metalin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bile\u015fimdir. Ala\u015f\u0131mlar iki ya da daha fazla metalin bir arada eritilerek kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilir ve genellikle kendilerini olu\u015fturan elementlerin \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erirler.
\nEn \u00e7ok bilinen nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 maden\u00ee paralarda kullan\u0131lan nikel-bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131d\u0131r. Nikelden yap\u0131lan \u00e7elik \u00e7ok serttir ve y\u00fczde bir ile y\u00fczde on aras\u0131nda nikel i\u00e7erir. Kamyon, motorlu ara\u00e7, gemi, demiryolu lokomotifi, u\u00e7ak ve alet yap\u0131m\u0131nda bu \u00e7elik kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Paslanmaz \u00e7elikte de nikel bulunur. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00e7elik cinsleri y\u00fczde iki ve yirmialt\u0131 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen oranlarda nikel i\u00e7erir. Bunlardan paslanmaz \u00e7elik paslanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok fazla diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Nikel oksit, bilimsel ve dekoratif ama\u00e7larla, cama gri renk vermekte kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Nikelin kendisi en yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde ya element yada ala\u015f\u0131m halinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Element halindeki nikelin bir kullan\u0131m yeri de nikel kaplamac\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r; a\u015f\u0131nmadan korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, \u00f6teki baz\u0131 metallerin y\u00fczeyinde bir nikel tabakas\u0131 olu\u015fturulur. En \u00e7ok kaplanan metaller demir, bak\u0131r ve bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131d\u0131r. Nikel kaplama elektrolizle yap\u0131l\u0131r ve krom kaplamaya belirli \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckleri vard\u0131r. Bu \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckler \u00f6zellikle, nikel kaplama kal\u0131n tabakalar halinde uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Alt\u0131nda bulunan metal b\u00fck\u00fclse bile, ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 gev\u015femez. Oysa ayn\u0131 durumda, k\u0131r\u0131lgan olan krom \u00e7atlayabilir ve metali y\u00fckseltgenmeye a\u00e7\u0131k b\u0131rakabilir. Krom kaplaman\u0131n ucuz olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, nikel kaplama, y\u00fcksek nitelikli i\u015fler i\u00e7in daha iyi bir korunma bi\u00e7imidir.<\/p>\n

Nikel ayr\u0131ca krom ve demirle birlikte, s\u0131cak yada so\u011fuk a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir\u00e7ok etkene kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcksek direnci oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in yap\u0131 i\u015finde \u00e7ok yararl\u0131 olan ve paslanmaz \u00e7elik denen ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bak\u0131r ve bak\u0131r \u2013 \u00e7inko ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131yla ala \u015f\u0131mlanarak, a\u015f\u0131nmaya her zaman a\u00e7\u0131k olan madeni para, mutfak e\u015fyas\u0131 ve \u0131s\u0131 motorlar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda da i\u015fe yarar. Bak\u0131r, krom ve molibdenle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131, elektrik diren\u00e7leri (rezistans) ve a\u015f\u0131nmaz ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok ala\u015f\u0131m \u00e7eli\u011fi tipinin bile\u015fiminde nikel bulunur.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131ca nikel ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u00fczde 60 bak\u0131r, y\u00fczde 40 nikelden olu\u015fan konstantan, y\u00fczde 35 nikelli bir demir ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olan invar ve ad\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6\u011felerinin (al\u00fcminyum, nikel, kobalt) adlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131salt\u0131lmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fan alniko\u2019dur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nikel Eski\u00e7a\u011fdan beri di\u011fer madenlerle ala\u015f\u0131m halinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nikel ilk kez 1751\u2019de isve\u00e7li kimyager Axel F. Cronstedt taraf\u0131ndan ay\u0131rdedilmi\u015ftir ve ad\u0131n\u0131 “bak\u0131r cini” anlam\u0131na gelen \u0130sve\u00e7\u00e7e koppar- nickel s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[2976],"class_list":["post-8121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-nikel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8121"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8121"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8128,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8121\/revisions\/8128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}