{"id":814,"date":"2012-02-16T00:01:59","date_gmt":"2012-02-15T22:01:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=814"},"modified":"2018-03-08T15:37:02","modified_gmt":"2018-03-08T13:37:02","slug":"makineli-tufek-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=814","title":{"rendered":"Makineli T\u00fcfe\u011fi kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Makineli t\u00fcfek, teti\u011fe bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ate\u015f s\u0131hhatiyle h\u0131zl\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli olarak at\u0131\u015f yapan otomatik silah t\u00fcr\u00fcf\u00fcr. Bulundu\u011fu g\u00fcnden bu zamana orduda en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan silah oldu makineli t\u00fcfekler. Bu silah sistemi, geri tepme d\u00fczeni ve gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Hava veya su ile so\u011fur. Cephane, bez veya metal \u015ferit ve mayonlarla silaha verilir veya \u015farj\u00f6r kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Daha ziyade makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfek mermisi ile adi t\u00fcfek mermisi ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, ikmali kolay olur. Makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfekler, de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerde de\u011fi\u015fik maksatlarla kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Makineli t\u00fcfe\u011fi kim icat etti<\/h2>\n

Barutun<\/a> sava\u015fta kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman (14. yy ba\u015flar\u0131nda) \u00e7ok namlulu volley t\u00fcfekleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Yayl\u0131m ate\u015fi a\u00e7abilen bu t\u00fcfekler \u00e7ok say\u0131da namludan meydana geliyor, bu namlular ise birbirlerine paralel oluyordu. On alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bu t\u00fcfekler hantald\u0131 ve zor dolduruluyordu.<\/p>\n

Makineli t\u00fcfe\u011fin patenti 1718 y\u0131l\u0131nda Londral\u0131 avukat James Puckle taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nd\u0131. 1722 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Mart ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir g\u00f6steri s\u0131ras\u0131nda. 7 dakikada 63 at\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 ayakl\u0131 bir deste\u011fin \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirildikten sonra \u00fczerindeki 9 mermilik \u015farj\u00f6r\u00fcn elle namlu a\u011fz\u0131na getirilmesiyle pe\u015fpe\u015fe ate\u015f edebiliyordu.<\/p>\n

Richard J. Gatling<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Metal kovanlar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve seri \u00fcretime ge\u00e7ilmesi, \u00fczerine, 1862 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Amerikal\u0131 Dr. Richard J. Gatling<\/strong>, dakikada 700 at\u0131\u015f\u00a0 yapabilen bir makineli t\u00fcfek geli\u015ftirdi. Gatling t\u00fcfe\u011f<\/strong>i 1890\u2019larda geli\u015ftirilerek dakikada 3.000 adet mermiyi 10 adet namludan atar hale geldi. T\u00fcfek, elektrik motoruyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Tabi ki, ister kolu \u00e7evirerek, isterse elektrik motoruyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fs\u0131n b\u00f6yle t\u00fcfeklere tam manas\u0131yla makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfek demek zordu.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk ger\u00e7ek makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfek, geri tepme sistemiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Maksim makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfe\u011fi<\/strong>ydi. Bu t\u00fcfek 1885\u2019te H\u0131ram Sterens Maksim<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan icat edilmi\u015ftir. Bu y\u0131ldan 1911\u2019e kadar makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfeklerin geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar devam etti. 1911\u2019de Lewis makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfek yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130saac Newton Lewis<\/strong>\u2019in geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi bu model, ilk hafif otomatik makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfek oldu. Esasen u\u00e7ak personeli i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na\u00a0 ra\u011fmen Birinci D\u00fcnya Harbinde piyadeler taraf\u0131ndan geni\u015f \u00e7apta kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Harbi ve Kore Harbinde, m\u00fcttefikler taraf\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan silah, Browning makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfek ve otomatik t\u00fcfekleri idi. Almanlar Mg-34 ve Mg-42 hafif makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfeklerini yapt\u0131lar. Dakikadaki at\u0131\u015f adedi 1500\u2019e varan bu etkili silahlar, ayn\u0131 zamanda basit ve seri \u00fcretime uygun silahlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fik tip ve \u00e7apta makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfekler vard\u0131r. Bunlar orta, hafif, a\u011f\u0131r makinal\u0131 t\u00fcfekler olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Makineli t\u00fcfek, teti\u011fe bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u00fcddet\u00e7e b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ate\u015f s\u0131hhatiyle h\u0131zl\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli olarak at\u0131\u015f yapan otomatik silah t\u00fcr\u00fcf\u00fcr. Bulundu\u011fu g\u00fcnden bu zamana orduda en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan silah oldu makineli t\u00fcfekler….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[345],"tags":[453,381,1063],"class_list":["post-814","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-askeri","tag-makineli-tufek","tag-silah","tag-tufek"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/814"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=814"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/814\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11149,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/814\/revisions\/11149"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=814"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=814"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}