Harita, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fe g\u00f6re k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclerek bir plan \u00fcst\u00fcnde g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi \u00e7izim. Yunanca\u00a0HARTEN, Frans\u0131zca CARTE kelimelerinden gelmektedir.\u00a0Harita yap\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok eski devirlere kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. Bu uzun tarihi s\u00fcre\u00a0i\u00e7inde haritalar olduk\u00e7a geli\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Anadolu Medeniyetleri M\u00fczesinde yer alan ve M\u00d6 6200 y\u0131llar\u0131na tarihlenen \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck kent plan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren harita, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bilinen en eski haritas\u0131d\u0131r fakat kim taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7izildi\u011fi bilinmemektedir.<\/p>\n
M.\u00d6. 2400\u2019de Mezopotamya ve M.\u00d6. 1300\u2019de M\u0131s\u0131r Firavunu \u0130kinci Ramses zaman\u0131nda \u00e7izilen M\u0131s\u0131r haritalar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer\u00a0en eski haritalar\u0131 oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu haritalardaki da\u011flar, bir yolun sa\u011f\u0131nda ve solunda profiline g\u00f6re yan yat\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bilinen en eski D\u00fcnya Haritas\u0131, Irak’ta yap\u0131lan bir kaz\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. M.\u00d6. 1000 y\u0131l\u0131ndan kalma bir tablet olan bu harita, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar bulunan en eski haritas\u0131 olma unvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bu haritada, d\u00fcnya etraf\u0131 su ile kapl\u0131 bir yuvarlak olarak g\u00f6sterilir. Babil de, bu yuvarla\u011f\u0131n merkezindedir.<\/p>\n
Yunanl\u0131 tarih\u00e7i Heredot ise, M.\u00d6. 450 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 haritada, Hazar Denizi’ni, Babilli haritac\u0131n\u0131n tersine, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olarak de\u011fil, bir i\u00e7 deniz olarak g\u00f6sterir. M.\u00d6. 300 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131 yapan Yunanl\u0131 haritac\u0131 Diceardus, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerin birbiriyle ili\u015fkilerini g\u00f6stermek \u00fczere haritas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine bir \u00e7izgi \u00e7ekti. Bir s\u00fcre sonra da \u0130slam bilginleri, haritan\u0131n \u00fczerine enlem ve boylam \u00e7izgilerini yerle\u015ftirdiler.<\/p>\n
Orta\u00e7a\u011fda ve takriben 1500 y\u0131llar\u0131nda harita \u00fczerindeki arazi detaylar\u0131 \u00e7ok basit \u00e7izgiler halinde g\u00f6sterilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, da\u011f ve tepeler profil olarak yandan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri ile tabi\u00ee \u015fekillerine uygun bir \u015fekilde \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u015fekildeki haritalar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlisi 1568\u2019de\u00a0Aplan taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ve ortalama 1\/140.000 \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011findeki Bavyera eyaleti haritas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yandan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc haritalar\u0131n bir eksikli\u011fi, tepeler arkas\u0131nda kalan \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc b\u00f6lgelerin g\u00f6sterilmemesiydi. On yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itib\u00e2ren bunu gidermek maksad\u0131yla haritalar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda, durulan noktan\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek bir yerde olmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, b\u00f6ylece e\u011fik perspektifin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra \u00f6l\u00fc noktalar\u0131n tam\u00e2men ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in duru\u015f noktas\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksekte olmas\u0131 arzu edilerek ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 perspektif metodu uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Harita, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131n\u0131n veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fe g\u00f6re k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclerek bir plan \u00fcst\u00fcnde g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi \u00e7izim. Yunanca\u00a0HARTEN, Frans\u0131zca CARTE kelimelerinden gelmektedir.\u00a0Harita yap\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok eski devirlere kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. Bu uzun tarihi s\u00fcre\u00a0i\u00e7inde…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[2689,454],"class_list":["post-816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gezi","tag-dunya-haritasi","tag-harita"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/816"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=816"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/816\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8726,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/816\/revisions\/8726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=816"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=816"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}