{"id":8166,"date":"2012-01-06T22:13:07","date_gmt":"2012-01-06T20:13:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8166"},"modified":"2017-01-06T22:13:49","modified_gmt":"2017-01-06T20:13:49","slug":"taylorizmi-kim-buldu-kurucusu-kim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8166","title":{"rendered":"Taylorizmi kim buldu, kurucusu kim"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin verimlili\u011fini i\u015fyerinde i\u015f\u00e7inin eme\u011finden m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar fazla yararlanmak suretiyle art\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir y\u00f6ntemdir.\u00a0Rasyonalizasyonun \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden olan Amerikal\u0131 m\u00fchendis <strong>Frederic Winslow Taylor<\/strong> (1856-19151 taraf\u0131ndan sanayie uygulanan y\u00f6nteme sonralar\u0131 <strong>Taylorizm<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Taylorizm, yap\u0131lacak bir i\u015fi \u00e7ok basit par\u00e7alara b\u00f6lerek bu i\u015fleri yapacak i\u015f\u00e7ilerin t\u00fcm hareketlerini kronometre ile saptamak ve i\u015f\u00e7iden ayn\u0131 miktardaki i\u015fi yapmas\u0131n\u0131 istemektir.<\/p>\n<p>Taylorizm sayesinde i\u015f\u00e7inin veriminde \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015flar kaydedilmi\u015f, bu y\u00fczden maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr mek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur. Maliyetlerin d\u00fc\u015fmesi hem m\u00fcte\u015febbislerin karlan art\u0131rmalar\u0131na imk\u00e2n vermi\u015f, hem de i\u015f\u00e7i \u00fccretlerinde y\u00fckselmeyi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Taylor ve onu izleyen Avrupal\u0131 m\u00fcte\u015febbislere g\u00f6re taylorizm birbirini izleyen d\u00f6rt b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r: Birincisi amac\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde belirlenmesidir. Bu yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, i\u015fe koyulmadan \u00f6nce, bu amaca ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in en uygun y\u00f6ntemlerin bilimsel bir et\u00fcd\u00fc yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte bu a\u015famada yap\u0131lacak i\u015f i\u00e7in gereken zaman en ince ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na kadar kronometre ile saptanmakta ve i\u015f\u00e7inin ayn\u0131 tempo ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilece\u011fi farzedilmektedir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015famada i\u015f\u00e7iye i\u015fe ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, gerekli t\u00fcm aletler sa\u011flanacak, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015famada ise \u00f6nceden belirlenen programa i\u015f\u00e7i harfiyen uyarak i\u015fi tamamlayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Taylorizmin bir bilim olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak Amerika ve Avrupa\u2019da yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131ndan hemen sonra \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik ve \u015fiddetli tepkiler yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hayat\u0131n\u0131n son y\u0131llar\u0131nda Taylor bile i\u015f hayat\u0131nda ger\u00e7e\u011fin sadece \u00f6nceden yap\u0131lan hesaplara uymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Nitekim 1910 dan itibaren i\u015f\u00e7iler, sendikalar ve bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n Taylorizme kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle ABD Temsilciler Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan 1915 y\u0131l\u0131nda te\u015fkil edilen Komisyonun haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporda kronometraj sisteminin bilimsel de\u011ferinin \u015f\u00fcpheli oldu\u011fu; ayr\u0131ca sosyal, moral ve psikolojik sak\u0131ncalar\u0131 bulundu\u011fu ortaya konulmu\u015ftur. \u0130ngiltere, Almanya ve Fransa\u2019da da ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda Taylorizme kar\u015f\u0131 ciddi ele\u015ftiriler y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f, bu sistemin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fyerlerinde i\u015f uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve grevlerin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Aynca Taylorizmin vas\u0131fl\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131r d\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7inin fikir g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yok etti\u011fi \u0131srarla ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin be\u015feri varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 mekanik alet ve makinelere uydurmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lan Taylorizm, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde geride kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rman\u0131n daha ba\u015fka ve insani y\u00f6ntemleri oldu\u011fu daha sonraki y\u0131llarda anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0130\u015f\u00e7inin verimlili\u011fini i\u015fyerinde i\u015f\u00e7inin eme\u011finden m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar fazla yararlanmak suretiyle art\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir y\u00f6ntemdir.\u00a0Rasyonalizasyonun \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden olan Amerikal\u0131 m\u00fchendis Frederic Winslow Taylor (1856-19151 taraf\u0131ndan sanayie uygulanan y\u00f6nteme sonralar\u0131 Taylorizm ad\u0131&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317],"tags":[2987],"class_list":["post-8166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","tag-taylorizm"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8166"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8166"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8167,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8166\/revisions\/8167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}