{"id":8187,"date":"2012-01-06T22:50:07","date_gmt":"2012-01-06T20:50:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8187"},"modified":"2017-01-06T23:03:49","modified_gmt":"2017-01-06T21:03:49","slug":"enlem-boylami-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8187","title":{"rendered":"Enlem ve Boylam\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Co\u011frafi koordinat sistemi<\/strong>nin icad\u0131, \u00a0\u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde yer alan kitaplara g\u00f6re M.\u00d6. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Cyrene’li Eratosthenes’i g\u00f6stermektedir. Bir y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra, Nicaea Hipparchus<\/strong>, g\u00fcne\u015f irtifas\u0131ndan ziyade y\u0131ld\u0131z \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinden enlemi<\/strong> belirleyerek ve \u00f6l\u00fc hesaplamadan ziyade ay tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fzamanlamalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak boylam\u0131<\/strong> belirleyerek bu sistemi geli\u015ftirdi. Birinci veya ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Tire’li Marinus, enlem ve boylam\u0131 kullanarak do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya uzanan geni\u015f bir d\u00fcnya haritas\u0131\u00a0\u00e7izdi.\u00a0Ptolemy’nin 2. y\u00fczy\u0131l Co\u011frafyas\u0131, enlem ve boylam \u00fczerinde geli\u015fmeler sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

9. y\u00fczy\u0131lda onlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Arap\u00e7a’ya \u00e7evrildikten sonra Al-Khw\u0101rizm\u012b<\/strong>‘nin D\u00fcnyay\u0131 tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 Marinus’un ve Ptolemeios’un Akdeniz’in uzunlu\u011fu ile ilgili hatalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltti, orta\u00e7a\u011f Arap kartografisine 10 \u00b0 do\u011fu yak\u0131nda bir asal meridyen kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Enlem ve Boylam Nedir<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yerk\u00fcresi \u00fcst\u00fcnde bulunan herhangi bir noktan\u0131n yeri sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak, oradan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi varsay\u0131lan dairesel \u00e7izgiler yard\u0131m\u0131yla tan\u0131mlanabilir. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn her bir noktas\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi varsay\u0131lan daireler, meridyen ve paralel daireleridir. Kutuplardan ge\u00e7en b\u00fcy\u00fck dairelere \u00abmeridyenler\u00bb denir. Bunlara dikey ve ekvatora paralel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen dairelere de, \u00abparalel daireleri\u00bb ya da yaln\u0131zca \u00abparaleller\u00bb denir. Bu sonuncu daireler, ekvatordan kutuplara do\u011fru gidildik\u00e7e k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcrler. Bir yerin konumunu tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan enlem ve boylam kavram\u0131, bu dairesel \u00e7izgilere dayan\u0131r: Bir noktadan ge\u00e7en paralel dairesi ile ekvator aras\u0131nda bulunan yay\u0131n de\u011ferine, o noktan\u0131n \u00abco\u011frafi enlemi\u00bb denir; ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, bir noktan\u0131n co\u011frafi enlemi, o noktadaki \u00e7ek\u00fcl do\u011frultusu i- le ekvator d\u00fczlemi aras\u0131nda kalan a\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Enlem a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, ekvator ile o nokta aras\u0131ndaki meridyen yay\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bir noktadan ge\u00e7en meridyen ile ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olarak al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fka bir meridyen (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyeni olarak, Greenwich\u2019ten ge\u00e7en meridyen kabul edilmi\u015ftir) aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131ya, o noktan\u0131n \u00abco\u011frafi boylam\u0131\u00bb denir. Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, bir noktan\u0131n boylam\u0131, oradan ge\u00e7en meridyen d\u00fczlemi ile ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyeni aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131d\u0131r. Boylam a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, bu iki d\u00fczlemin kesti\u011fi ekvatorun ya da paralel dairesinin yay\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Boylamlara ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olarak al\u0131nan meridyen (ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyeni), zamana ve \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ptole- maios\u2019un (Batlamyus) haritas\u0131nda boylam ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak, Cebelitar\u0131k bo\u011faz\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u015fimdiki Kanarya adalar\u0131n\u0131n yerinde g\u00f6sterilen efsanevi \u00abMesut Adalar\u00bb al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l haritalar\u0131 da, bu bak\u0131mdan, bazen Asor (A\u00e7ores), bazen Ye\u015filburun (Cabo Verde) adalar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

XVII. y\u00fczy\u0131l ortalar\u0131nda Kanarya adalar\u0131n\u0131n en bat\u0131da olan\u0131ndan (Ferro adas\u0131) ge\u00e7en meridyen, boylamlara ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bunun bir yaran, b\u00fct\u00fcn Eski D\u00fcnya\u2019 y\u0131 do\u011fuda b\u0131rakmas\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle denizler \u00fcst\u00fcnden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi i\u00e7in, k\u0131talar\u0131 ve bir devletin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 boylamlar\u0131na ay\u0131rmamas\u0131yd\u0131.
\nDaha sonralar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke, kolayl\u0131k olsun diye ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ulusal isteklerle, kendi ba\u015fkentlerinden ge\u00c7en meridyeni ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyeni olarak ald\u0131lar (Paris, Berlin.., \u00fclkemizde de \u0130stanbul: Aya- sofya\u2019n\u0131n kubbesinden ge\u00e7en meridyen). \u0130ngilizlerin boylam ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olan Londra yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Greenwich, uluslararas\u0131 bir konferans\u0131n karar\u0131yla, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerce, uluslararas\u0131 ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 meridyeni olarak benimsendi.\u00a0Paralel ve meridyenler e\u011fri \u00e7izgiler oldu\u011fundan, bunlar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri, dairenin b\u00f6l\u00fcmleriyle ifade edilir. Bunun sonucu olarak, bir noktan\u0131n enlem ve boylam\u0131 da derece ya da grad olarak verilir; daha \u00e7ok birinci uygulama kullan\u0131l\u0131r (derece, dakika, saniye). Enlem ve boylam\u0131n kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir yazma kural\u0131 vard\u0131r: Enlem,\u00a0N,\u00a028\u00b0\u201958\u2019 59\u2033 X E\u2019dir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Co\u011frafi koordinat sisteminin icad\u0131, \u00a0\u0130skenderiye K\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde yer alan kitaplara g\u00f6re M.\u00d6. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Cyrene’li Eratosthenes’i g\u00f6stermektedir. Bir y\u00fczy\u0131l sonra, Nicaea Hipparchus, g\u00fcne\u015f irtifas\u0131ndan ziyade y\u0131ld\u0131z \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerinden enlemi belirleyerek…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[2994,2992,2993,454,2995],"class_list":["post-8187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gezi","tag-boylam","tag-cografya","tag-enlem","tag-harita","tag-koordinat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8187"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8187"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8189,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8187\/revisions\/8189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}