{"id":8193,"date":"2012-01-06T23:12:07","date_gmt":"2012-01-06T21:12:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8193"},"modified":"2017-01-06T23:12:04","modified_gmt":"2017-01-06T21:12:04","slug":"doppler-kaymasi-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8193","title":{"rendered":"Doppler Etkisini kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hareketli cisimlerden gelen sesin frekans\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fmeyi 1842 y\u0131l\u0131nda Christian Johann Doppler<\/strong> bulmu\u015ftur. B\u00fct\u00fcn dalga hareketlerinde b\u00f6yle bir de\u011fi\u015fme olur. I\u015f\u0131k ve radyo dalgalar\u0131 da b\u00f6yledir. Doppler etkisini, bir trenin gardaki ya da bir ge\u00e7itteki d\u00fcd\u00fck sesini dinleyerek g\u00f6zlemleyebiliriz. Tren yakla\u015f\u0131rken, d\u00fcd\u00fck sesi olduk\u00e7a tiz gelir, yani frekans\u0131 y\u00fcksektir; tren uzakla\u015f\u0131rken de ans\u0131z\u0131n kal\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r. Ama tren s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc i\u00e7in sesin y\u00fcksekli\u011fi (frekans\u0131) de\u011fi\u015fmez. Tersine d\u00fcd\u00fck, ge\u00e7itte bulunan hareketsiz bir g\u00f6zlemci taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcrekli ayn\u0131 frekansla \u00e7al\u0131nsayd\u0131, tren s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc, birinci duruma benzer g\u00f6zlemler yapacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Doppler olay\u0131 hem g\u00f6zlemcinin, hem kayna\u011f\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131l hareketi nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.\u00a0Doppler olay\u0131 kaydedilirse, trenin yakla\u015fma ya da uzakla\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131, .yani kayna\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6zlemciye g\u00f6re ba\u011f\u0131l h\u0131z\u0131 baz\u0131 hesaplarla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir; ne var ki, yer de\u011fi\u015ftirenin kaynak m\u0131, yoksa g\u00f6zlemci mi oldu\u011fu belirlenemez.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z konusu olay\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 Avusturyal\u0131 fizik\u00e7i Christian Andreas <\/strong>Doppler\u00a0<\/b>yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her ses gibi d\u00fcd\u00fck sesi de, saniyede belli say\u0131da beliren ve havada de\u011fi\u015fmez h\u0131zla yay\u0131lan bir dizi titre\u015fimden olu\u015fur. Tren yakla\u015f\u0131rken d\u00fcd\u00fck \u00e7alarsa, titre\u015fimler aras\u0131ndaki zaman aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemci i\u00e7in k\u0131sal\u0131r; birbirini izleyen titre\u015fimler, ilk titre\u015fime g\u00f6re giderek bize daha yak\u0131nla\u015fan kaynaktan yay\u0131lacak ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yle biri \u00f6tekine oranla daha yak\u0131ndan gelecektir. Hareketsiz bir g\u00f6zlemci i\u00e7in, titre\u015fimlerin frekans\u0131 y\u00fckselir; tren uzakla\u015f\u0131rken etki ters olur, yani ses kal\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Trenin v h\u0131z\u0131yla yer de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini ve sirenden yay\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fmez ses peryodunun T oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Olduk\u00e7a kolay bir hesap, T\u2019=T (1- v\/V) ba\u011f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7itteki g\u00f6zlemcinin alaca\u011f\u0131 T\u2019 peryodunu verdi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir, bu ifadede V, saniyede yakla\u015f\u0131k 340 metre olan havadaki ses h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Tren yakla\u015f\u0131yorsa v h\u0131z\u0131 pozitiftir, yani g\u00f6zlemcinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 sesin T\u2019 peryodu, yay\u0131nlanan sesin T peryodundan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olacakt\u0131r; b\u00f6ylece, al\u0131nan ses daha y\u00fcksektir (tizdir). Tren uzakla\u015f\u0131yorsa, v h\u0131z\u0131 tersine negatif olur; bu durumda T\u2019 peryodundan b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr ve al\u0131nan ses kal\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Doppler olay\u0131, ses titre\u015fimleri olsun, \u0131\u015f\u0131k dalgalan olsun, b\u00fct\u00fcn peryodik (devirli) hareketlerin belirgin \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Bu olay\u0131n en ilgi \u00e7ekici g\u00f6zlemine g\u00f6kbilimde raslan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131, s\u00f6zgelimi bir y\u0131ld\u0131z, \u0131\u015f\u0131k h\u0131z\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli say\u0131lacak bir h\u0131zla g\u00f6zlemciye yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n frekans\u0131, yani rengi, ger\u00e7ekte oldu\u011fundan y\u00fcksek g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Alman \u0131\u015f\u0131k incelendi\u011finde, tayf \u00e7izgilerinin mora do\u011fru kayd\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani g\u00f6zlemlenen dalga boylar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 saptanabilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k y\u0131ld\u0131z uzakla\u015f\u0131yorsa, tayf \u00e7izgileri, dalga boyu mordan daha uzun olan k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya do\u011fru kayar. Olaya kaynaklar\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, ba\u011f\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmas\u0131 gerekir;
\nhalde, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ya do\u011fru bu tayf kaymas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerek, y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131n g\u00f6zlemciye g\u00f6re ba\u011f\u0131l uzakla\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131 hesaplanabilir. G\u00f6kadalar\u0131n ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u0131zlarla d\u00fcnyam\u0131zdan uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna da bu g\u00f6zlemle ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Doppler etkisi aynca, tayf \u00e7izgilerinin geni\u015flemesini a\u00e7\u0131klar; dolay\u0131s\u0131yle de, y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen gazlar\u0131n hareketlerini inceleme olana\u011f\u0131 verir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hareketli cisimlerden gelen sesin frekans\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fmeyi 1842 y\u0131l\u0131nda Christian Johann Doppler bulmu\u015ftur. B\u00fct\u00fcn dalga hareketlerinde b\u00f6yle bir de\u011fi\u015fme olur. I\u015f\u0131k ve radyo dalgalar\u0131 da b\u00f6yledir. Doppler etkisini, bir trenin gardaki…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[2998],"class_list":["post-8193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-doppler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8193"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8193"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8195,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8193\/revisions\/8195"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}