G\u00fcne\u015ften uzakl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc gezegen d\u00fcnya, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise Mars\u2019t\u0131r. Bu gezegen, ay\u0131rdedici k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkte, son derece parlak bir cisim oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00e7ok eski zamanlardan beri g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir. Y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi, onu d\u00fcnyaya, hemen hemen g\u00fcne\u015ften uzakl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re ikinci gezegen olan Ven\u00fcs kadar yakla\u015ft\u0131rabilir; ama Mars, y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinin uzak ucunda (g\u00fcne\u015fle kavu\u015fum konumunda) bulundu\u011fu zamanlar Ven\u00fcs\u2019ten be\u015f kez daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uzakl\u0131\u011fa kadar gidebilir. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnden en uzak bulundu\u011fu noktada, Mars\u2019\u0131n + 1,6\u2019l\u0131k bir ayd\u0131nlatma g\u00fcc\u00fc vard\u0131r. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcne yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a, bu b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck \u2014 1,1 ile \u20142,8 aras\u0131nda de\u011ferlere kadar \u00e7\u0131kar (eksi de\u011ferli ayd\u0131nlatma g\u00fcc\u00fc,\u00a0art\u0131 de\u011ferliden daha \u00e7oktur). Bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle, en solgun durumunda Mars, Demirkaz\u0131k\u2019tan, yani Kutupy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131\u2019ndan biraz daha parlakt\u0131r ve en parlak durumunda Aky\u0131ld\u0131z\u2019la kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir; hatt\u00e2 J\u00fcpiter\u2019le yar\u0131\u015fa girerek t\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131 geride b\u0131rakabilir. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc ve Ay\u2019dan sonra en \u00e7ok bilgimiz olan gezegen Mars\u2019t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda, Ptolemaios ve Kopernik<\/a>\u2019in g\u00fcne\u015f sistemi kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi konusundaki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n en ate\u015fli zamanlar\u0131nda, Danimarkal\u0131 g\u00f6kbilimci Tycho Brahe<\/strong><\/a>, bir gezegenin (Mars\u2019\u0131n) hareketleri konusunda\u00a0ilk kesin g\u00f6zlemleri yapt\u0131. O zaman\u0131n bilim adamlar\u0131, evrenin merkezinin d\u00fcnya m\u0131, g\u00fcne\u015f mi oldu\u011fundan ku\u015fkulu olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in, bu kuramlardan birini yada \u00f6tekini destekleyen verileri g\u00f6rmezlikten gelmeyi ye\u011f tutuyorlard\u0131. Brahe de, tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131. Bununla birlikte, g\u00f6kcisimlerinin hareketleri konusunda kesin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler yapabilmek i\u00e7in paz\u0131 ara\u00e7lar, kronometreler ve g\u00f6nyometreler yapt\u0131 (teleskop daha bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131).<\/p>\n Brahe, Mars\u2019\u0131n birbirini izleyen iki gece i\u00e7ende bulundu\u011fu konumlar\u0131 ilk kez saptad\u0131 ve bu konumlar i\u00e7inde g\u00f6z\u00fckt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kesin zamanlar\u0131 kaydetti. G\u00f6zlemleri ger\u00e7e\u011fe \u00e7ok yak\u0131nd\u0131. Asistan\u0131 ve izleyicisi Johannes Kepler, gezegenlerin, Kopernik\u2019in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi \u00e7ernbersi de\u011fil, elips bi\u00e7iminde y\u00f6r\u00fcngeler i\u00e7inde hareket ettikleri sonucuna, bu g\u00f6zlemlerden yararlanarak vard\u0131. Ancak, Brahe\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6zlemleri, Mars\u2019\u0131n hareketlerinin mekani\u011fiyle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131 ve Galilei\u2019nin teleskobu geni\u015f \u00e7apta yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131p geli\u015fene kadar gezegenin y\u00fczeyi konusunda g\u00f6zlem yap\u0131lmad\u0131.<\/p>\n Wisconsin\u2019deki Yerkes g\u00f6zlemevinde,100sm \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir objektifi, 19 m\u2019lik odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lma oram on y\u00fcksek teleskobu yeral\u0131r. Bu merkez kullan\u0131larak, gezegenin ger\u00e7ek g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc foto\u011frafla, gezegenin konumunun uygunlu\u011funa g\u00f6re 2 yada 2,5 mm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen \u00e7apta bir alan \u00fcst\u00fcne kaydedilir. Merce\u011fin odak uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, \u00e7ok duyarl\u0131 bir film de kullan\u0131lsa, poz verme, saniyenin olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kadarl\u0131k bir s\u00fcre boyunca s\u00fcrmelidir. Poz verme s\u00fcresi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc atmosferdeki ters ak\u0131nt\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan etkilenir ve bu etkilere daha kapal\u0131 olan \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle yap\u0131lan g\u00f6zlemlerdekinden daha bulan\u0131k g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcr. Bu sak\u0131ncalara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, baz\u0131 kusursuz foto\u011fraflar elde edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n 1964 kas\u0131m\u0131nda Mariner 4 uydusu Cape Kennedy\u2019den uzaya f\u0131rlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1965 temmuzunda, Mars y\u00fczeyinin yakla\u015f\u0131k 9920 km kadar yak\u0131nma vard\u0131. Yak\u0131ndan u\u00e7u\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda, gezegenin teleskopla 22 foto\u011fraf\u0131 \u00e7ekildi. Bu foto\u011fraflar, ara\u00e7taki telemetre sistemiyle yery\u00fcz\u00fcne ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Foto\u011fraflarda Ay\u2019dakilere benzeyen kraterler g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte, bu kraterlerin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri 2,8 ile 170 km aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" G\u00fcne\u015ften uzakl\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc gezegen d\u00fcnya, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise Mars\u2019t\u0131r. Bu gezegen, ay\u0131rdedici k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkte, son derece parlak bir cisim oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, \u00e7ok eski zamanlardan beri g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir. Y\u00f6r\u00fcngesi, onu d\u00fcnyaya, hemen…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[1794],"class_list":["post-8214","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-mars"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8214"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8214"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12187,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8214\/revisions\/12187"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8214"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8214"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}