Civa en eski 1500’den kalma M\u0131s\u0131r mezarlar\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur.\u00a0\u00c7in ve Tibet’te c\u0131va buhar\u0131 maruziyetinin ciddi sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmesine ra\u011fmen c\u0131va kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n insan\u0131n, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatt\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131n iyile\u015fti\u011fi ve hayat\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n
Eski Yunanl\u0131lar merhemlerde c\u0131va kulland\u0131; Eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar ve Romal\u0131lar kozmetikte kulland\u0131lar. Bir zamanlar Maya uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir \u015fehri olan Lamanai’de, Mesoamerikan bir top sahas\u0131nda bulunan bir i\u015faretleyicide c\u0131va havuzu bulundu.<\/p>\n
M.\u00d6. 500’e kadar c\u0131va, di\u011fer metallerle amalgamlar (Orta\u00e7a\u011f Latin amalgamas\u0131, “c\u0131va ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131”) yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0Simyac\u0131lar c\u0131vay\u0131, t\u00fcm metallerin olu\u015ftu\u011fu \u0130lk Madde olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Civa i\u00e7erisinde bulunan k\u00fck\u00fcrt\u00fcn niteli\u011fini ve miktar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek farkl\u0131 metallerin \u00fcretilebilece\u011fine inand\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 termometrelerin i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f renkli s\u0131v\u0131 c\u0131vad\u0131r. C\u0131va, kimyasal bir elementtir. Elementler kimyasal y\u00f6ntemlerle \u00f6zellikleri de\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyen maddelerdir. C\u0131va da bir\u00e7ok kimyasal element gibi bir metaldir. Metaller oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genellikle kat\u0131 halde bulunurlar. Fakat c\u0131va oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 haldedir. Di\u011fer metaller ise ancak \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta s\u0131v\u0131 haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n
C\u0131van\u0131n kimyasal sembol\u00fc Hg\u2019dir. C\u0131va yeralt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Genellikle s\u00fclf\u00fcrle bile\u015fmi\u015f olarak bulunur ve zincifre ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. Bazen de saf olarak elde edilir. Zincifrenin i\u00e7eri\u011finde k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bir bile\u015fik olan c\u0131va s\u00fclfidi bulunur. C\u0131va s\u00fclfidi, vermilyon (zincifre) ad\u0131 verilen k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 boya maddesinin yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Zincifre, A.B.D\/de Kaliforniya, Nevada, Alaska ve Idaho b\u00f6lgelerinde elde edilir. \u0130spanya, \u0130talya ve Yugoslavya\u2019da da \u00f6nemli zincifre kaynaklar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
C\u0131va zincifreden kolayl\u0131kla ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Zincifre bir ocakta \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Is\u0131nan bile\u015fikte bulunan s\u00fclf\u00fcr, oksijenle birle\u015fir. B\u00f6ylece saf c\u0131va elde edilir.<\/p>\n
C\u0131van\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r. C\u0131va, suyun \u00f6zg\u00fcl a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 13,6 kez daha a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131r. Termometrelerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 halde bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Barometre bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7en bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bir barometre\u00a0t\u00fcr\u00fcnde c\u0131va bir cam t\u00fcpte bulunur. T\u00fcpte c\u0131van\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 76 cm.\u2019dir. Bu y\u00fckseklik hava bas\u0131nc\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. T\u00fcpte, c\u0131van\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir vakum yani havas\u0131z k\u0131s\u0131m vard\u0131r. Hava bas\u0131nc\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman c\u0131va t\u00fcpte y\u00fckselir, bas\u0131n\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman c\u0131va da iner. T\u00fcp\u00fcn \u00fczerinde bulunan rakamlar c\u0131van\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fini g\u00f6sterirler. Barometrelerde c\u0131va yerine su kullanmak elveri\u015fsiz bir y\u00f6ntemdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu durumda \u00e7ok uzun bir t\u00fcbe gereksinme duyulur. Su a\u011f\u0131r bir s\u0131v\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 dengelemek i\u00e7in 9 metreden uzun bir t\u00fcp gerekir. Su, ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcp\u00fcn i\u00e7 duvarlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0131slataca\u011f\u0131 ve duvarlara yap\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de elveri\u015fsizdir. C\u0131va bu \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6stermez.
\nC\u0131va \u201438,9\u00b0C\u2019da kat\u0131 hale ge\u00e7er (donar), 356,6\u00b0C\u2019de kaynamaya ba\u015flar. Donma ve ergime noktalar\u0131n\u0131n bu denli y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 ve bir s\u0131v\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc c\u0131va, termometreler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok elveri\u015flidir. Termometrelerde c\u0131va bir cam hazne i\u00e7inde bulunur. Bu hazne, \u00fczerinde bir say\u0131 \u00e7izelgesinin bulundu\u011fu bir t\u00fcbe ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Hazne \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman c\u0131va genle\u015fir ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir delikten t\u00fcbe ge\u00e7er. S\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00e7izelgeden okunur.<\/p>\n
C\u0131va i\u00e7eren kimyasal maddeler, ekinlerin kurumas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an mantarlara kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131rlar. C\u0131va insanlar ve hayvanlar i\u00e7in de tehlikeli zehirleyici bir maddedir. Fabrika art\u0131klar\u0131yle birlikte \u0131rmaklara kar\u0131\u015fan c\u0131va, bal\u0131klar\u0131n zehirlenip \u00f6lmelerine yol a\u00e7ar. C\u0131va, deri, soluk borusu, ve ba\u011f\u0131rsak g\u00f6zenekleri taraf\u0131ndan emilir. C\u0131va zehirlenmesi a\u011f\u0131z \u00fclserine, di\u015flerin yerlerinden gev\u015femelerine, mide a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na, neden olur, \u00f6nemli zehirlenmeler ise sinir sisteminin zarar g\u00f6rmesine hatt\u00e2 \u00f6l\u00fcme yol a\u00e7abilirler.<\/p>\n
C\u0131va sodyum ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f gibi madenlerle birle\u015ftirilerek amalgam adl\u0131 bir maddenin yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Zehirli olmayan bir \u00e7e\u015fit c\u0131va amalgam\u0131 di\u015f\u00e7ilikte dolgu yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u0131v\u0131 c\u0131va \u00e7ok iyi bir elektrik iletkenidir. Elektrik \u015falterleri ve pil yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. C\u0131va gaz haline getirilebilir. C\u0131va buharl\u0131 lambalarda gaz halinde bulunur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Civa en eski 1500’den kalma M\u0131s\u0131r mezarlar\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur.\u00a0\u00c7in ve Tibet’te c\u0131va buhar\u0131 maruziyetinin ciddi sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkilere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmesine ra\u011fmen c\u0131va kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n insan\u0131n, \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatt\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u0131r\u0131klar\u0131n iyile\u015fti\u011fi ve…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[3017],"class_list":["post-8255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-civa"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8255"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8255"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8255\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8575,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8255\/revisions\/8575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8255"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8255"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8255"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}