\u0130lkel insanlar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilahi bir ceza olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerdi. Bu nedenle t\u0131p, rahipler ve b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc doktorlar taraf\u0131ndan uygulan\u0131rd\u0131. Bu da adak vermek, k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar\u0131 kovmak ve b\u00fcy\u00fc gibi \u00e7o\u011funlukla mant\u0131ks\u0131z bi\u00e7imlerde olurdu. Uzun s\u00fcre bu sihir-din \u0130kilisi t\u0131p ve do\u011fa g\u00f6zlemlerinden edindi\u011fi bilgilerle su, \u0131s\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok \u015fifal\u0131 bitkiyi tedavi amac\u0131yla kullanarak kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir kurum olu\u015fturdu. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131 kovalay\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fck Akdeniz uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n biri y\u00fckselip biri yok olduk\u00e7a, hastal\u0131k ve rahats\u0131zl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f sosyal bir olaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00c7e\u015fitli tedavi ve k\u00fcr t\u00fcrleri bir sisteme ba\u011flanarak, gelecek ku\u015faklara iletilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
S\u00fcmer ve Babil yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda (\u0130.\u00d6. 1717 \u2013 1665) t\u0131bbi konulara rastlan\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131, \u0130.\u00d6. 1500 \u2013 1200\u2019den kalma M\u0131s\u0131r papir\u00fcsleri izler. Bu belgeler, asl\u0131nda ilk bilinen t\u0131bbi belgelerdir. En eski \u00c7in belgeleri cerrahi tekniklerden, farmakolojiden ve tedavi uygulamalar\u0131ndan s\u00f6zeder. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi de \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f tekniklerdi. Ger\u00e7ekten bunlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 (akupunktur gibi) g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmadan kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hindistan\u2019da hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f daha \u00e7ok cerrahide geli\u015fmi\u015fti. \u0130.\u00d6. 5.yy.da Yunanistan\u2019da ilk t\u0131p okullar\u0131 kuruldu. Fakat hastal\u0131klar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlarla ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc antik d\u00fcnyada yine de ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
2000 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve ke\u015fif \u00e7abas\u0131n\u0131n (en \u00f6nemlileri son 200 y\u0131lda yap\u0131ld\u0131) sonunda hastal\u0131k kabusunun yok edilmesi ba\u015far\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece tedavi edilemez gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen difteri, sar\u0131 humma ve \u00e7i\u00e7ek <\/a>salg\u0131nlar\u0131 ortadan kalkt\u0131. Bir zamanlar difteriye yakalananlar\u0131n % 70\u2019i \u00f6l\u00fcyordu, menenjitten \u00f6lenler ise hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalananlar aras\u0131nda % 90\u2019\u0131 buluyordu. Verem ile poli\u00f6myelit de korkulu hastal\u0131klardand\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn her ikisinin de antibiyotikler ve a\u015f\u0131larla \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n Di\u011fer yandan a\u015f\u0131lar, \u00f6l\u00fc veya zay\u0131flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f mikroplardan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015flarsa otojen, d\u0131\u015fardan elde edilmi\u015f mikroplardan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015flarsa, heterojen a\u015f\u0131lar ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n A\u015f\u0131lama tekni\u011fi 1789\u2019dan beri bilinir. O tarihlerde \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00c7i\u00e7ek A\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bulan <\/a>\u0130ngiliz doktoru Edward Jenner <\/strong><\/a>bir \u00e7ocu\u011fu, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na tutulmu\u015f bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131rdan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir damla irin ile a\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bundan bir y\u00fczy\u0131l sanra Louis Pasteur, a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 daha da geli\u015ftirmi\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde b\u00fct\u00fcn D\u00fcnya\u2019da yayg\u0131n bir uygulama alan\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece a\u015f\u0131lar, eskiden milyonlarca insan\u0131n can\u0131n\u0131 alan o b\u00fcy\u00fck salg\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemi\u015f, hatta bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kuramsal olarak, a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 bulunmayacak bir salg\u0131n hastal\u0131k kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr hastal\u0131klardan en son a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 bulunan c\u00fczzamd\u0131r. Bu a\u015f\u0131 1973 y\u0131l\u0131nda Norve\u00e7\u2019te, o tarihten tam 100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bu korkun\u00e7 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n mikrobunu safla\u015ft\u0131ran bilim adam\u0131 Armauer Hansen\u2019in \u00fclkesinde bulundu. B\u00f6ylece imm\u00fcnoloji (ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k bilimi) uzun bir s\u00fcre mikrobiyolojinin bir yan dal\u0131 olarak kald\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 bedenin mikrobik sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 savunma mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 incelemekle s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n Buna kar\u015f\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de hala bir\u00e7ok hastal\u0131k bilime meydan okumay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Modern t\u0131p ise ilerleyen te\u015fhis ve tedavi y\u00f6ntemleri ile g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne daha etkili duruma gelmekte ve 2000 y\u0131l\u0131na do\u011fru bir tak\u0131m kanser t\u00fcrlerinin denetim\u2019 alt\u0131na al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn ak\u0131l hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilece\u011fi sav\u0131 anlams\u0131z g\u00f6z\u00fckmemektedir. T\u0131bb\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131, insan bedeninin fizyolojisi ve morfolojisi \u00fczerindeki bilgiler sayesinde oldu. Onun i\u015flevlerinin birbiri ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve karma\u015f\u0131k ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130nsano\u011flu kendi tarihi boyunca, \u00f6nceleri s\u0131nama-yan\u0131lma y\u00f6ntemiyle, daha sonralar\u0131 ise, bilimsel deney y\u00f6ntemleriyle damla damla elde etti\u011fi ila\u00e7 bilgisi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz farmakolojisinin (ila\u00e7 bilimi) temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Farmakoloji, art\u0131k pek \u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisinde etkin bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131labilen \u00e7e\u015fitli ila\u00e7lar\u0131 klinik t\u0131bb\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na sunabilmi\u015ftir. Ne var ki, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ilac\u0131, iki taraf\u0131 keskin bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 olarak de\u011ferlendirmekte yarar vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, belli bir dozdan sonra yan etkisi olmayan hi\u00e7bir ila\u00e7 yoktur. Bu nedenle, her ilac\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dikkatle ve doktor \u00f6nerilerine g\u00f6re kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Yine de halk aras\u0131nda ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda adeta gelenekselle\u015fmi\u015f yanl\u0131\u015f davran\u0131\u015flar, t\u00fcm uyar\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131n d\u00fczelmemektedir. Bu gelenekselle\u015fmi\u015f yanl\u0131\u015f davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ki\u015filerin birbirlerine \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klara iyi geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fckleri ya da g\u00f6zledikleri ila\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00f6nermeleridir. \u0130lac\u0131 \u00f6neren ki\u015fi, genellikle bir zamanlar, kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki ki\u015finin \u015fikayetlerine aynen sahip oldu\u011funu ve kendi doktorunun ya da bir ba\u015fka ki\u015finin kendisindeki \u015fikayetleri bu ila\u00e7larla giderdi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Matematiksel bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla da, ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrden \u015fikayetlerin ayn\u0131 ila\u00e7larla d\u00fczelebilece\u011fi mant\u0131\u011f\u0131m y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. Oysa ayn\u0131 \u00f6zellikteki bir \u015fikayet, birbirinden farkl\u0131 pek \u00e7ok hastal\u0131kta rastlanabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 \u015fikayeti, basit bir so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi, bir beyin t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcnde de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Basit bir so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u201cAspirin<\/a>\u201d ile tedavi etmek olas\u0131d\u0131r; ya bir beyin t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0130lkel insanlar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilahi bir ceza olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerdi. Bu nedenle t\u0131p, rahipler ve b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc doktorlar taraf\u0131ndan uygulan\u0131rd\u0131. Bu da adak vermek, k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar\u0131 kovmak ve b\u00fcy\u00fc gibi \u00e7o\u011funlukla mant\u0131ks\u0131z bi\u00e7imlerde…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10162,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[1098,1177],"class_list":["post-8277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik","tag-asi","tag-ilac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8277"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8277"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8277\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8653,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8277\/revisions\/8653"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10162"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8277"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8277"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8277"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}