{"id":8304,"date":"2014-01-07T02:32:44","date_gmt":"2014-01-07T00:32:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8304"},"modified":"2017-01-15T00:26:41","modified_gmt":"2017-01-14T22:26:41","slug":"gliserini-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8304","title":{"rendered":"Gliserini kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Gliserin ya\u011flar\u0131n bile\u015fiminde tatl\u0131 bir maddedir. Gliserin ilk olarak 1779\u2019da <strong>Carl Wilhelm Scheele<\/strong>\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi. Chevreul bu maddenin alkol oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131, ve \u015fekerli tad\u0131na dayanarak gliserin ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi, \u00f6nce Berthelot, daha sonra da Wurtz, gliserinde \u00fc\u00e7 alkol grubu bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi<\/p>\n<p>Saf gliserin, renksiz, tatl\u0131 ve koyu k\u0131vaml\u0131 bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. Yo\u011funlu\u011fu 1,265\u2019tir. Su ve alkolle kar\u0131\u015fabilir; eterde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmez, asetonda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr. Kat\u0131la\u015fabilir ve 17\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta erir; \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda bile kolayca a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 erimi\u015f halde kal\u0131r. 290\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta hafif\u00e7e ayr\u0131\u015farak kaynar. \u0130yodu, alkalileri \u00e7\u00f6zer.<\/p>\n<p>Gliserin asitlerle birle\u015ferek eterle\u015febilir. Trinitrik eteri veya nitrogliserin \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir patlay\u0131c\u0131 maddedir. Klorhidrik eterlere klorhidrin, asetik eterlere de asetin ad\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n<p>Gliserin, kat\u0131 ve s\u0131v\u0131 ya\u011flarda, ya\u011f asit esterleri \u015fekl\u00eende bulunur. Alkol\u00fcn mayalanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda da olu\u015fabilir; bu y\u00fczden \u015farapta az miktarda gliserin bulunur. Sanayide, ya\u011fl\u0131 maddelerin hidrolizinde yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak elde edilir. Bug\u00fcn, petrol\u00fcn cracking\u2019i s\u0131ras\u0131nda meydana gelen propilenden sentez yoluyle \u00fcretilme\u011fe ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bk. Sanayi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Gliserin, seyrettik nitrik asitle oksitlenince gliserik asit haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr; bizmut nitrat etkisiyle daha \u015fiddetli bir oksitlenmeye u\u011frar ve mezoksalik asit verir; oksijenli su ve brom etkisiyle de, \u00abgliseroz\u00bb ad\u0131 verilen bir gliserik aldehit ve dihidroksiaseton kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 verir. Gliseroz, fr\u00fcktoz\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febildi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u015fekerlerin sentezinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00a0Gliserin \u00e7e\u015fitli ay\u0131ra\u00e7lar\u0131n etkisiyle etilenik bile\u015fikler verebilir. Sodyum bis\u00fclfatla \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131nca, akrolein meydana getirir; formik asit ve susuz oksalik asit etkisiyle alilik alkol, iyot ve fosfor etkisiyle de alil iyod\u00fcr verir.<\/p>\n<p>Gliserin, nitrogliserin yap\u0131m\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kullan\u0131l\u0131r: Eczac\u0131l\u0131kta da yararlan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0Gliserin, az \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde antiseptik ve yumu\u015fat\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r; bu y\u00fczden fitiller, ov\u00fcller (ve k\u0131vaml\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan yararlanarak) bo\u011faz il\u00e2\u00e7lar\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok preparatlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Hafif\u00e7e tatl\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in \u015feker hastalar\u0131yle ilgili preparatlarda \u015fekerli, s\u0131v\u0131 yerine kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, nem kapma \u00f6zelli\u011fi g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi i\u00e7in deri \u00e7atlaklar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok merhemin bile\u015fimine kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sanayide ham gliserin, ya\u011flar\u0131n hidrolizinde olu\u015fan sulu \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerden meydana gelir ve buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak gliserin oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 80\u2019e y\u00fckseltilir. Gliserinin en bol \u00fcretildi\u011fi alan sabun sanayiidir\u00ab en iyi nitelikte gliserin ise mum yap\u0131m\u0131ndan elde edilir. Ya\u011flar\u0131n enzimler etkisiyle b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesinden elde edilen gliserinde \u00e7ok miktarda yabanc\u0131 madde bulunur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gliserin ya\u011flar\u0131n bile\u015fiminde tatl\u0131 bir maddedir. Gliserin ilk olarak 1779\u2019da Carl Wilhelm Scheele\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi. Chevreul bu maddenin alkol oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131, ve \u015fekerli tad\u0131na dayanarak gliserin ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi, \u00f6nce Berthelot, daha&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[2680,3028],"class_list":["post-8304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bilim","tag-carl-wilhelm-scheele","tag-gliserin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8304"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8304"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8304\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8322,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8304\/revisions\/8322"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}