{"id":8319,"date":"2016-01-14T23:14:04","date_gmt":"2016-01-14T21:14:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8319"},"modified":"2018-03-13T00:24:13","modified_gmt":"2018-03-12T22:24:13","slug":"elektrigi-kim-kesfetti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8319","title":{"rendered":"Elektri\u011fi kim ke\u015ffetti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Elektrik bir enerji \u015feklidir ve do\u011fada bulunur, bu y\u00fczden “icat edilmemi\u015f, ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir”. Elektrik ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f, elektri\u011fi \u00fcretme, kullanma ve ona h\u00fckmetmeyle ilgili cihazlar, y\u00f6ntemler icat edilmi\u015ftir. Elektri\u011fin ke\u015ffi<\/a>\u00a0iki bin y\u0131ldan daha uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6ncesine dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Thales’in Elektrik Ke\u015ffi<\/h2>\n

Elektri\u011fi kim buldu<\/a> sorusunun bilinen ilk cevab\u0131; M.\u00d6. 600 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Eski Yunanl\u0131lardan Thales<\/a> kehribar\u0131 k\u00fcrk\u00fcne s\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde\u00a0bir \u00e7ekim meydana geldi\u011fini farketmi\u015ftir. Thales’in ke\u015ffetti\u011fi\u00a0ger\u00e7ekte statik elektriktir. Buna ek olarak, 1930’lu y\u0131llarda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ve arkeologlar, antik Roma kentlerinde\u00a0bak\u0131r tabakal\u0131 kaplar bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Arkeologlara g\u00f6re bunlar \u0131\u015f\u0131k \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan eski tip pillerdi. Benzer ke\u015fifler, Ba\u011fdat yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki arkeolojik kaz\u0131larda bulunmu\u015f; eski Persler’in de ilkel\u00a0pil bi\u00e7imini kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Ancak, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, ilk\u00a0elektrostatik jenerat\u00f6r\u00fcn ke\u015ffi, pozitif ve negatif ak\u0131mlar aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131la\u015fma ve malzemelerin iletkenler veya yal\u0131tkanlar\u00a0olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi elektrikle ilgili bir\u00e7ok ke\u015fif yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Elektrik kelimesi’nin ilk kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n

1600 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz William Gilbert<\/strong>, baz\u0131 maddelerin birbirlerine s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesi ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan g\u00fcc\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in Latince “electricus” kelimesini kulland\u0131. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra \u0130ngiliz bilim adam\u0131 Thomas Browne<\/strong> yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplarda Gilbert’in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na dayanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131\u00a0tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in “elektrik” kelimesini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

1752’de Benjamin Franklin<\/strong>, u\u00e7urtma, anahtar ve f\u0131rt\u0131nayla ilgili ilk deneyini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Bu deney sayesinde\u00a0y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131mdaki elektri\u011fin ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck elektrik k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar\u0131\u00a0ile ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk Pil ve \u00dcretilen ilk Elektrik<\/h2>\n

\u0130talyan fizik\u00e7i Alessandro Volta<\/strong>, belirli kimyasal reaksiyonlar\u0131n elektri\u011fi \u00fcretebilece\u011fini ke\u015ffetti ve 1800’de s\u00fcrekli bir elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcreten voltaik y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (ilk elektrik pili<\/a>) icat etti. B\u00f6ylece s\u00fcrekli bir elektrik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 yaratan ilk ki\u015fi oldu. Volta, pozitif ve negatif y\u00fckl\u00fc konekt\u00f6rleri ba\u011flayarak bir elektrik \u015farj\u0131 ve bir kaynaktan di\u011ferine ilk elektrik iletimini olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n

Elektrik Ak\u0131m\u0131 \u00dcretme ve Faraday<\/h2>\n

1831’de elektrik Michael Faraday<\/strong>, elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 \u00fcretme sorununu, s\u00fcrekli ve pratik bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6zen dinamoyu <\/a>(bir ham enerji jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc) icat etti\u011finde, elektrik teknolojide kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in uygun hale geldi.<\/p>\n

Faraday\u0131n elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131, Akkor flamanl\u0131 ampulun yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131. 1878’de kendi \u00fclkelerinde, akkor filaman ampul\u00fcn\u00fc icat eden, Amerikal\u0131 Thomas Edison ve \u0130ngiliz bilim adam\u0131 Joseph Swan \u00f6nemli ki\u015filer olarak elektr\u011fin tarihine ge\u00e7ti. Akkor flaman ampuller<\/a>, saatlerce \u0131\u015f\u0131k yayabilen ilk ampul \u00e7e\u015fidi oldu.<\/p>\n

Swan ve Edison daha sonra ilk pratik filament ampul\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in ortak bir \u015firket kurdular. Edison, Eyl\u00fcl 1882’de New York sokaklar\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmak i\u00e7in do\u011fru ak\u0131m (DC) sistemini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Nikola Tesla<\/a> ve AC Elektrik<\/h2>\n

Daha sonra 1800’l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n sonunda ve 1900’l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda S\u0131rp as\u0131ll\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 m\u00fchendis, mucit ve elektrik sihirbaz\u0131 Nikola Tesla<\/strong>, ticari elektri\u011fin do\u011fu\u015funa \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Tesla, Edison ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Elektromanyetizma<\/strong> alan\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok devrimci geli\u015fme yapt\u0131. Radyo<\/strong>‘nun icad\u0131 i\u00e7in Marconi<\/strong> <\/a>ile rekabet eden patentleri vard\u0131. Alternatif ak\u0131m<\/strong> (AC), AC motorlar ve \u00e7ok fazl\u0131 elektrik da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemi gibi\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 elektrik d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Amerikal\u0131 mucit ve sanayici George Westinghouse<\/strong>, Tesla’n\u0131n alternatif ak\u0131m \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in patentli motorunu sat\u0131n ald\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirdi. Westinghouse, Tesla ve di\u011ferlerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131, gelece\u011fin (Do\u011fru Ak\u0131m) DC’den ziyade (Alternatif Ak\u0131m) AC’de oldu\u011funa ikna etti.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer Bilim Adamlar\u0131<\/h2>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde elektrik kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u0130sko\u00e7 mucit James Watt<\/strong>, Frans\u0131z matematik\u00e7i Andre Ampere<\/strong> ve Alman matematik\u00e7i ve fizik\u00e7i George Ohm<\/strong>‘u ve katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 unutmamak gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Elektri\u011fi ke\u015ffeden sadece bir ki\u015fi de\u011fildi. Elektrik kavram\u0131 binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r biliniyordu. Ticari ve bilimsel olarak geli\u015fme zaman\u0131 gelince, elektrik\u00a0\u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ok say\u0131da mucit ve\u00a0bilim adam\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Elektrik bir enerji \u015feklidir ve do\u011fada bulunur, bu y\u00fczden “icat edilmemi\u015f, ke\u015ffedilmi\u015ftir”. Elektrik ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f, elektri\u011fi \u00fcretme, kullanma ve ona h\u00fckmetmeyle ilgili cihazlar, y\u00f6ntemler icat edilmi\u015ftir. Elektri\u011fin ke\u015ffi\u00a0iki bin y\u0131ldan daha…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8320,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[644],"class_list":["post-8319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","tag-elektrik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8319"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8319"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11399,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8319\/revisions\/11399"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}