{"id":838,"date":"2011-01-08T11:58:40","date_gmt":"2011-01-08T09:58:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=838"},"modified":"2016-12-25T21:53:22","modified_gmt":"2016-12-25T19:53:22","slug":"kose-yazisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=838","title":{"rendered":"K\u00f6\u015fe Yaz\u0131s\u0131&#8217;n\u0131 kim buldu, ilk k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. John Hill, 11 Mart 1751 tarihinden itibaren, London Advertiser ve Literary Gazette&#8217; de, &#8220;M\u00fcfetti\u015f&#8221; imzas\u0131yla k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu, ilk imzal\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Hill, iki y\u0131l boyunca yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc ve her y\u0131l i\u00e7in 1500 sterlin \u00fccret ald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu da, o zamana g\u00f6re, &#8220;hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r&#8221; bir para idi. Bas\u0131n tarihinin bu ilk k\u00f6\u015fe yazar\u0131, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc meslekta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n tersine ciddi konularla ilgilenmekten ho\u015flanm\u0131yor, tersine, dedikodular\u0131 yans\u0131tmaktan zevk al\u0131yordu. Hatta bu y\u00fczden bir keresinde, herkesin i\u00e7in de bir \u0130rlandal\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tartakland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><b>K\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131<\/b> veya <b>f\u0131kra<\/b>; bir yazar\u0131n herhangi bir konu veya g\u00fcnl\u00fck olaylar hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara inmeden anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gazete ve dergilerde yay\u0131nlanan k\u0131sa fikir yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n genel ad\u0131d\u0131r. F\u0131kralar, gazete ve dergilerin belli s\u00fctun veya k\u00f6\u015felerinde yay\u0131mlan\u0131r. Yazar\u0131n, g\u00fcndelik olaylar\u0131, \u00f6zel bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fle, g\u00fczel bir \u00fcslupla, kan\u0131tlama gere\u011fi duymadan yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa, g\u00fcn\u00fcbirlik yaz\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>F\u0131kralar\u0131n amac\u0131, siyasi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, ekonomik, toplumsal vb. konular\u0131 \u00e7ok defa ele\u015ftirel bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla anlatarak kamuoyunu y\u00f6nlendirmektir. F\u0131kralarda kesin olmaktan ziyade g\u00fczel, ho\u015f sonu\u00e7lara varmaya; canl\u0131, ilgi \u00e7ekici olmaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmelidir. Yazar kendi duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde yans\u0131tarak okuyucu ile aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 bir ba\u011f kurar.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ger\u00e7ek olaylar veya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle ilgili konular i\u015flenir.<\/li>\n<li>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6n plandad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Konular \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik a\u00e7\u0131lardan ele al\u0131nmadan, ayr\u0131nt\u0131lara inilmeden i\u015flenir.<\/li>\n<li>Yaz\u0131lanlara okuyucuyu inand\u0131rma zorunlulu\u011fu yoktur.<\/li>\n<li>Yaz\u0131lanlar okuyucunun ilgisini \u00e7ekmelidir.<\/li>\n<li>A\u00e7\u0131k, sade ve ak\u0131c\u0131 bir dil kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Konular okuyucuda merak uyand\u0131rmal\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda da e\u011fitici ve bilgilendirici olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. John Hill, 11 Mart 1751 tarihinden itibaren, London Advertiser ve Literary Gazette&#8217; de, &#8220;M\u00fcfetti\u015f&#8221; imzas\u0131yla k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu, ilk imzal\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck k\u00f6\u015fe yaz\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Hill, iki y\u0131l boyunca&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[468,1054],"class_list":["post-838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-eglence","tag-kose-yazisi","tag-makale"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=838"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6973,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions\/6973"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}