Bir ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda hastan\u0131n uyutulmas\u0131, ilk kez 30 Mart 1842 g\u00fcn\u00fc, ABD’ nin Jefferson kentinde uyguland\u0131. Dr. Crwford Long, “James Venable” adl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciyi, boynundaki kisti almadan \u00f6nce eterle uyuttu. D\u00fcnyadaki bu ilk anestezi uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in James Venable’\u0131n ameliyat \u00fccretinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda fazladan 2 dolar 25 sent \u00f6demesi gerekti.<\/p>\n
Dr. Long, kapal\u0131 bir toplum olan Jefferson halk\u0131na, eteri ilk tan\u0131tan bir bilimadam\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Gen\u00e7ler, bu maddeye b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6sterdiler ve ebeveynlerinin bilgisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, birbirlerine k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015fakalar yapmak i\u00e7in Dr. Long’dan kendilerine bir miktar eter vermesini istediler. Gen\u00e7lerin bu iste\u011fini k\u0131ramayan Dr. Long, bir rastlant\u0131 sonucu, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarda kokland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, eterin ki\u015fiyi hi\u00e7bir \u015fey duyumsamayacak hale getirdi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Bunun \u00fczerine,\u00a0 James Venable’a yapaca\u011f\u0131 ameliyatta bu harika ila\u00e7tan\u00a0 yararlanmaya karar verdi ve sonu\u00e7 \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. Daha sonra, dokuz ba\u015fka ameliyatta da bu y\u00f6ntemi kulland\u0131. Bunlardan birinde, bir zenci \u00e7ocu\u011fun parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesti. Ne var ki, onun t\u0131p biliminde yeni\u00a0 \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar a\u00e7an bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Jefferson kentinin son derece tutucu olan halk\u0131n\u0131 rahats\u0131z etti. Kendisini “b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fckle” su\u00e7layan ya\u015fl\u0131 Jeffersonlular, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na derhal son vermedi\u011fi takdirde, lin\u00e7 edilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylediler. Dr. Long, \u00e7aresiz anestezi bilimine b\u00fcy\u00fck katkilar sa\u011flayabilecek ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na son verdi.<\/p>\n
Onun t\u0131p bilimine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 da, Georgia Eyaleti T\u0131p Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucu, 1852 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar gizli kald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Anestezi uygulayarak ilk di\u015f \u00e7eken ki\u015fi, ABD’- nin Conaecticut eyaletinde, Hartford kenti doktorlar\u0131ndan John M. Miggs’dir, Riggs’e bu y\u00f6ntemi \u00f6neren meslekta\u015f\u0131, Dr. Horace Wells, 11 Aral\u0131k 1844 g\u00fcn\u00fc, gezginci bir tiyatronun \u015fovmeni taraf\u0131ndan bulunan g\u00fcld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc gaz\u0131n (diazot monoksid) a\u011fr\u0131 kesici bir etki yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark etti. Grander Colton adl\u0131 \u015fovmen, buldu\u011fu gaz\u0131n bu \u00f6zelli\u011fini bilmiyor, ondan yaln\u0131zca numaralan s\u0131ras\u0131nda insanlar\u0131 g\u00fcld\u00fcrebilmek i\u00e7in yararlan\u0131yordu. Dr. Riggs, meslekta\u015f\u0131 Dr, Weils’in \u00f6nerisiyle, bu gazdan yararlanarak, sa\u011flam bir di\u015fi hi\u00e7 ac\u0131 duyurmadan \u00e7ekti. Bu bulu\u015ftan son derece keyiflenen Dr. Welis, “di\u015f \u00e7ekiminde yeni bir ufkun a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” duyurdu. Ancak, Dr. Wells’in o g\u00fcn bilmedi\u011fi bir \u015fey vard\u0131. Diazot monoksidin etkin ve g\u00fcvenli bir bi\u00e7imde anestezik olarak kullan\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in oksijenle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirdi. Bu bilgiden habersiz olan Dr. Wells, kahkaha gaz\u0131n\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131 kesici olarak kullanarak 40 di\u015f \u00e7ekti.Bunlardan yar\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Ama, bir kezinde hastalar\u0131ndan biri \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn e\u015fi\u011finden d\u00f6n\u00fcnce, denemelerine derhal son verdi.<\/p>\n
Bu arada, Dr. Wells’in eski ortaklar\u0131ndan William Morton, \u0131slah edilmi\u015f s\u00fclfirik eter kullanarak, 1846 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda, a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z di\u015f \u00e7ekimim ba\u015fard\u0131. Bu tarih, a\u011fr\u0131 kesicilerle ilgili geli\u015fimin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olarak kabul edilir.<\/p>\n
Anestezi y\u00f6ntemiyle yap\u0131lan bir do\u011fum<\/strong>la sa\u011f olarak d\u00fcnyaya gelen ilk \u00e7ocuk \u0130ndian Medical Service doktorlar\u0131ndan William Carstairs’ in k\u0131z\u0131 Wilhelmina Carstairs’tir. Dr, Carstairs, e\u015finin a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z bir bi\u00e7imde do\u011fum yapmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neren meslekta\u015f\u0131 Dr. James Young Simpson’un iste\u011fini kabul etti. Do\u011fum doktoru James Young Simpson, meslekta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fini do\u011fum s\u0131ras\u0131nda “kloroform” ile uyuttu. Anne, uyand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kollar\u0131 aras\u0131nda k\u0131z\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fcnce, do\u011fum yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle inand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Aradan 17 y\u0131l ge\u00e7tikten sonra Wilhe\u00eemina’n\u0131n bir foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren do\u011fum doktoru Simpson, ya\u015fanan mucizenin etkisiyle, “Ah, hazreti anestezi” diye ba\u011f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Kokainin a\u011fr\u0131 kesici etkisi, ilk kez Viyana’daki Alman Hastanesi doktorlar\u0131ndan Karl Koller taraf\u0131ndan bulundu. Koller, Sigmund Freud ile birlikte, kokainin morfin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tedavi edici etkilerini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. Kokain, anestetik olarak ilk kez, Josef Brettauer taraf\u0131ndan Heidelberg Klini\u011fi’nde bir g\u00f6z hastas\u0131n\u0131n ameliyat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Dr. Brettauer, kokainin bu konudaki yararlar\u0131n\u0131, 15 Eyl\u00fcl 1884’te Heidelberg’de yap\u0131lan Oftalmoloji Kongresi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Dr. Koller’den \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fti. Enjeksiyon yoluyla lokal anestezi ya da sinirsel b\u00f6lge anestezisi, 1885 y\u0131l\u0131nda Baltimore’daki John Hopkins \u00dcniversitesi doktorlar\u0131ndan William Halstead taraf\u0131ndan takdim edildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Bir ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda hastan\u0131n uyutulmas\u0131, ilk kez 30 Mart 1842 g\u00fcn\u00fc, ABD’ nin Jefferson kentinde uyguland\u0131. Dr. Crwford Long, “James Venable” adl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciyi, boynundaki kisti almadan \u00f6nce eterle uyuttu. D\u00fcnyadaki…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[51,54,53,229],"class_list":["post-84","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saglik","tag-anestezi","tag-crwford-long","tag-eter","tag-lokal-anestezi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=84"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7630,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84\/revisions\/7630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=84"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=84"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=84"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u0130lk Lokal Anestezi<\/h2>\n