Zombi, bir insan cesetinin canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yoluyla yarat\u0131lan kurgusal bir inan\u00e7t\u0131r. Zombiler en \u00e7ok korku ve fantezi t\u00fcr\u00fc sinema, \u00f6yk\u00fc ve roman \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda bulunur. \u00c7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerle canland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00f6l\u00fc bir cisim olan Zombi Haiti folklorundan gelmektedir.\u00a0Haiti folk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 en yayg\u0131n olarak b\u00fcy\u00fc ile olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Modern zombi tasvirleri, b\u00fcy\u00fc\u00a0ile ilgili de\u011fildir. Radyasyon, zihinsel hastal\u0131klar, vir\u00fcsler, bilimsel kazalar gibi kurgusal kuramlar\u00a0\u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 tasvir edilir.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngilizce “zombie” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilk kez 1819’da, \u015fair Robert Southey taraf\u0131ndan “zombi” \u015feklinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Oxford English Dictionary ise s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Bat\u0131 Afrika k\u00f6kenli\u00a0Kongo s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri nzambi (tanr\u0131) ve z\u00fcmbi (feti\u015f) den geldi\u011fini belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne voodoo zombi kavram\u0131n\u0131 sokan ilk kitaplardan biri, W.B. Seabrook ‘un 1929 da yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 The Magic Island’d\u0131r. Kitap\u00a0Haiti’de voodoo k\u00fcltlerinde diriltilmi\u015f insanlar\u0131 konu alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Time dergisi, kitab\u0131n “zombi” yi ABD g\u00fcnl\u00fck konu\u015fma\u00a0diline soktu\u011funu iddia etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Zombi, Richard Matheson dan\u00a0H. P. Lovecraft’da ve\u00a0Mary Shelley’nin Frankenstein’n\u0131na kadar Avrupa folkloru \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lan \u00f6lmeyenler konulu\u00a0karma\u015f\u0131k bir edebi mirasa sahiptir.<\/p>\n
1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Victor Halperin’in y\u00f6netti\u011fi, ba\u015frol\u00fcn\u00fc Bela Lugosi’nin oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 “White Zombie” (Beyaz Zombi), korku filmi olarak ilk zombi filmidir.\u00a0\u00a0Filmde zombi, k\u00f6t\u00fc bir sihirbaz\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fc\u00a0alt\u0131nda hareket eden, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemeyen g\u00f6revliler olarak tasvir edilir. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri 1930’lardan 1960’lara kadar birka\u00e7 zombi filmi \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. “I Walked with a Zombie” (1943) ile “Plan 9 from Outer Space” (1959) filmleri kayda de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n
Haiti folklorunda tan\u0131mlananlardan farkl\u0131 olan zombilerin yeni versiyonu son on y\u0131lda pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcrde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Yeni\u00a0“zombi” George A. Romero’nun “Ya\u015fayan \u00d6l\u00fclerin Gecesi” filminden sonra ba\u015flad\u0131. Film k\u0131smen Richard Matheson’\u0131n 1954 tarihli “I Am Legend” (Ben Efsaneyim) roman\u0131ndan esinlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Zombi kelimesi, Ya\u015fayan \u00d6l\u00fcler Gecesi\u00a0filminde kullan\u0131lmaz; fakat daha sonra hayranlar taraf\u0131ndan uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcm G\u00fcn\u00fc ve G\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc gibi filmdeki ve canland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 canavarlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Ya\u015fayan \u00d6l\u00fclerin D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve Zombi 2 gibi bir\u00e7ok esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olan eserler genellikle insan eti i\u00e7in a\u00e7, ancak D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Living Dead, beyinleri yiyen pop\u00fcler zombi kavram\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131. Medeniyet d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel bir zombi istilas\u0131na u\u011fraf\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0“zombi k\u0131yamet” kavram\u0131, modern pop\u00fcler sanat\u0131n temel unsurlar\u0131 haline geldi.<\/p>\n