Zeytinya\u011f\u0131, Akdeniz Havzas\u0131’n\u0131n geleneksel bir a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan zeytinlerden elde edilen s\u0131v\u0131 bir ya\u011fd\u0131r. Ya\u011f, zeytinlerin preslenmesiyle \u00fcretilir. K\u0131zartma veya salata sosu olarak pi\u015firmede yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kozmetik, ila\u00e7 ve sabunlarda ve geleneksel ya\u011f lambalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir yak\u0131t olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 1950’lerden bu zamana yayg\u0131nla\u015fan “Akdeniz diyeti” ile sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ya\u015fam alan\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yer edinmi\u015ftir.\u00a0Zeytin, bu\u011fday ve \u00fcz\u00fcm\u00a0Akdeniz mutfa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6nemli g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 M.\u00d6. 8. Biny\u0131ldan beri Akdeniz \u00e7evresinde yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. \u0130spanya zeytinya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcreticisidir. Onu \u0130talya ve Yunanistan takip etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen t\u00fcketim oran\u0131 en y\u00fcksek olan \u00fclkeler s\u0131ras\u0131yla Yunanistan, \u0130spanya, \u0130talya ve Fas’t\u0131r. Kuzey Amerika ve Kuzey Avrupa’daki t\u00fcketim \u00e7ok daha az, ancak istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Zeytinya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bile\u015fimi \u00e7e\u015fit, rak\u0131m, hasat zaman\u0131 ve ekstraksiyon i\u015flemi ile de\u011fi\u015fir. \u00c7o\u011funlukla oleik asitten (% 83’e kadar), linoleik asit (% 21’e kadar) ve palmitik asit (% 20’ye kadar) i\u00e7eren az ya\u011fl\u0131 asitlerden olu\u015fur. Ekstra s\u0131zma zeytinya\u011f\u0131 (EVOO),% 0,8’den fazla serbest asit oran\u0131na sahiptir ve en iyi ve en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc aromaya sahip oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Zeytini kim buldu sorusuna cevap vermek olduk\u00e7a zordur.\u00a0Yabani zeytinler, ilk olarak M.\u00d6. 8. bin y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Neolitik insanlar taraf\u0131ndan toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Yabani\u00a0zeytin a\u011fac\u0131, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya’da ya da antik Yunanistan’da ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ilk olarak ne zaman ve nerede evcille\u015ftirildi\u011fi belli de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Arkeolojik kan\u0131tlar bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Filistin ve \u0130srail’de M.\u00d6. 6000 ve M.\u00d6. 4500 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda toplanana zeytinlerden zeytinya\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. M.\u00d6. 1500 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar, Akdeniz’in do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131 alanlar\u0131 Zeytin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n en \u00e7ok yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi yerler olmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca, zeytinin M.\u00d6. 2500 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Girit’te de yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fine dair kan\u0131tlar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
En eski canl\u0131 zeytinya\u011f\u0131 amphoras\u0131, M.\u00d6. 3500 y\u0131l\u0131na (Erken Minano zamanlar\u0131) aittir, ancak zeytinya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimi M.\u00d6. 4.000 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olarak kabul edilmektedir. Girit’te zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi, saray sonras\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00e7ok yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131 ve Akdeniz’de oldu\u011fu gibi adan\u0131n ekonomisinde de \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yak\u0131n tarihli genetik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, modern k\u00fcltivat\u00f6rler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan t\u00fcrlerin \u00e7ok say\u0131da yabani pop\u00fclasyondan geldi\u011fini, ancak evcille\u015ftirmenin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir tarihinin hen\u00fcz ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
Do\u011fu Akdeniz’deki zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ve petrol \u00fcretimi, Suriye’nin Halep kentinin eteklerinde bulunan eski Ebla kentinin (M.\u00d6. 2600-2240) ar\u015fivlerine kadar izlenebilir. Burada, M.\u00d6. 2400 y\u0131l\u0131na ait baz\u0131 d\u00fczine belge, kral\u0131n ve krali\u00e7enin topraklar\u0131n\u0131 tarif etmektedir. M.\u00d6. 2000’den \u00f6nce hanedan M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar Girit, Suriye ve Kenan’dan zeytinya\u011f\u0131 ithal etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00a0Zeytinya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, Ege Denizi’ndeki Naxos adas\u0131ndaki bir mezar\u0131n 4.000 y\u0131ldan eski su \u00e7\u00f6mleklerinde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Zeytinya\u011f\u0131, g\u0131dan\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra dini t\u00f6renler, ila\u00e7lar, ya\u011f lambalar\u0131, sabun yap\u0131m\u0131 ve cilt bak\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u00a0kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Minoslar dini t\u00f6renlerde zeytin ya\u011f\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Zeytin a\u011fac\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi M.\u00d6. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan \u00f6nce Fenikeliler ve Kartaca ile ticaret yap\u0131larak Iberia ve Etr\u00fcsk \u015fehirlerine ula\u015ft\u0131. M.\u00d6. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Celtic kabileleri taraf\u0131ndan G\u00fcney Galya’ya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk kaydedilen ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemi \u0130branice \u0130ncil’den bilinir. Burada, ya\u011f elle s\u0131karak \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve\u00a0papazlar\u0131n g\u00f6zetiminde \u00f6zel kaplarda saklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Filistin, L\u00fcbnan ve \u0130srail’den olu\u015fan Bereketli Hilal olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00f6lgede M.\u00d6. 1000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ya\u011f \u00e7\u0131karmada kullanan bir de\u011firmen kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tel Miqne’de (Ekron) 100’den fazla zeytin presi bulunmu\u015ftur. Bu preslerin, bir sezon ba\u015f\u0131na 1.000 ila 3.000 ton zeytin ya\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Do\u011fu Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinde halen bir\u00e7ok eski pres\u00a0makinesi bulunmaktad\u0131r ve Roma d\u00f6nemine ait baz\u0131lar\u0131 bug\u00fcn hala kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Zeytinya\u011f\u0131, Akdeniz Havzas\u0131’n\u0131n geleneksel bir a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan zeytinlerden elde edilen s\u0131v\u0131 bir ya\u011fd\u0131r. Ya\u011f, zeytinlerin preslenmesiyle \u00fcretilir. K\u0131zartma veya salata sosu olarak pi\u015firmede yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kozmetik, ila\u00e7…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8482,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[3050,3054],"class_list":["post-8481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yiyecek-icecek","tag-zeytin","tag-zeytinyagi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8481"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8481"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8483,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8481\/revisions\/8483"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}