Zeytin, botanikteki ad\u0131yla\u00a0Olea europaea genellikle Akdeniz havzas\u0131nda yeti\u015fen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u00a0Fosil kan\u0131tlar\u0131, zeytin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n 20-40 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce Oligosen b\u00f6lgesinde \u0130talya ve do\u011fu Akdeniz Havzas\u0131’na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Zeytin bitkisi daha sonra yakla\u015f\u0131k 7000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Akdeniz b\u00f6lgelerinde yeti\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Yenilebilir zeytin yakla\u015f\u0131k 5.000 ila 6.000 y\u0131l boyunca insanlarla bir arada varoldu\u011fu ve Erken Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011f\u0131’na (M.\u00d6. 3150-1200 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda) geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Antik mezarlarda bulunan yaz\u0131l\u0131 tabletler, zeytin \u00e7ukurlar\u0131 ve ah\u015fap par\u00e7alar\u0131 temel al\u0131narak Levant’a kadar uzan\u0131r. Zeytin yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finin en eski kan\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n Suriye, \u0130srail ve Girit’te bulundu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n
Zeytin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n anayurdu Atlas Okyanusu\u2019ndan \u0130ran\u2019a kadar uzan\u0131r ve bu b\u00f6lgelerde en az\u0131ndan \u0130.\u00d6. VII. yy\u2019dan beri yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. Yabani t\u00fcrleri \u00e7al\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde ve dikenlidir; \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck meyveleri vard\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ok say\u0131da olan, tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lan zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ysa (b\u00f6lgesel olarak ekimi yap\u0131lanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, 15\u2019ten fazla \u00e7e\u015fidi bilinmektedir) ya zeytin halinde ya da ya\u011f halindeki istekleri kar\u015f\u0131lamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a verimlidir. Zeytin a\u011fac\u0131, olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa (en az 4 \u00b0C) gereksinin duydu\u011fundan ekim alan\u0131n\u0131n aslinde denize yak\u0131n olmas\u0131 gerekir. Zeytin \u00e7ak\u0131ll\u0131 topraklan ye\u011fler ve bu ko\u015fullarda en iyi nitelikli ya\u011f\u0131 verir. Zeytin a\u011fac\u0131 tohumla, \u00e7elikle (g\u00f6vde ve hatt\u00e2 k\u00f6k), dipten kesilmi\u015f olan g\u00f6vdenin yeniden s\u00fcrmesiyle \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131l\u0131r. 7.-8. y\u0131ldan sonra meyve vermeye ba\u015flar, ama \u00f6nemli say\u0131lacak miktarda \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ancak 15. y\u0131ldan ba\u015flayarak verir; bir zeytin a\u011fac\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llarca ya\u015fayabilir.<\/p>\n
Zeytin a\u011fac\u0131 normal olarak 5-8 m boyundad\u0131r; \u00fcr\u00fcn al\u0131nan g\u00f6vdelerin boylar\u0131n\u0131n genellikle 4 m\u2019de kalmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. \u0130nce yap\u0131l\u0131 ve \u00e7ok g\u00fczel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc olan zeytin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n odunu \u00e7ok enderdir. Zeytinya\u011f\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in, daha \u00e7ok tam olgunla\u015fmam\u0131\u015f zeytinler kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130\u015flenmemi\u015f (ham) ya\u011f, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya meyvenin ezilmesiyle elde edilir; daha sonra, geri kalanlar s\u0131cak su ve hatt\u00e2 sud i\u00e7inde yok edilir. Yenmek \u00fczere topland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ye\u015fil zeytinlere alkali su uygulan\u0131r ve bu zeytinler tuz i\u00e7inde saklan\u0131r. Siyah zeytinler \u00e7o\u011fu kez yaln\u0131zca suyla i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve bunlar zeytinya\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde saklan\u0131r. Bu meyveler, ayr\u0131ca ezme elde etmek \u00fczere ezilebilir.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemiz, zeytinin yeti\u015fmesinde elveri\u015fli iklim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de zeytin \u00fcretimi, \u00f6zellikle\u00a01970\u2019ten sonra art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bununla birlikte, bir y\u0131l iyi, bir y\u0131l k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00fcr\u00fcn veren bir bitki oldu\u011fundan, \u00fcretim y\u0131ldan y\u0131la 1.000.000 ton ile 500.000 ton aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015febilmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Zeytin, botanikteki ad\u0131yla\u00a0Olea europaea genellikle Akdeniz havzas\u0131nda yeti\u015fen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc ve \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u00a0Fosil kan\u0131tlar\u0131, zeytin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n 20-40 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce Oligosen b\u00f6lgesinde \u0130talya ve do\u011fu Akdeniz Havzas\u0131’na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geldi\u011fini…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8485,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[3050],"class_list":["post-8484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yiyecek-icecek","tag-zeytin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8484"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8484"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8484\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8493,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8484\/revisions\/8493"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8485"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}