Difteri, Corynebacterium difteri (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) bakteri kaynakl\u0131 bir enfeksiyondur. Belirtiler ve semptomlar hafif veya \u015fiddetli olabilir. Genellikle maruz kald\u0131ktan iki ile be\u015f g\u00fcn sonra ba\u015flarlar. Belirtiler genellikle bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve ate\u015ften ba\u015flayarak olduk\u00e7a yava\u015f yava\u015f ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. A\u011f\u0131r vakalarda gri veya beyaz bir yama bo\u011fazda geli\u015fir. Bu hava yolunu t\u0131kayabilir ve \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck olu\u015fturabilir. Boyun ve bo\u011faz geni\u015f lenf nodlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak k\u0131smen \u015fi\u015febilir. Cilt, g\u00f6z ya da cinsel organlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir difteri t\u00fcr\u00fc de vard\u0131r. Komplikasyonlar aras\u0131nda miyokardit, sinir iltihab\u0131, b\u00f6brek problemleri ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kan trombositlerine ba\u011fl\u0131 kanama sorunlar\u0131 olabilir. Miyokard anormal kalp at\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lanabilir ve sinir iltihab\u0131 felce neden olabilir.<\/p>\n
Difteri genellikle do\u011frudan temas yoluyla ya da hava yoluyla insanlar aras\u0131nda yay\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kirlenmi\u015f nesneler taraf\u0131ndan da yay\u0131labilir. Baz\u0131 insanlar belirtileri olmadan bakteri ta\u015f\u0131r, ancak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fkalar\u0131na da yayabilir. C. ciphtheriae’nin \u00fc\u00e7 ana t\u00fcr\u00fc farkl\u0131 hastal\u0131k ciddiyetlerine neden olur. Belirtiler bakteriler taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen bir toksinden kaynaklan\u0131r. Te\u015fhis, \u00e7o\u011funlukla bo\u011faz\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcne g\u00f6re k\u00fclt\u00fcr al\u0131narak\u00a0yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Emil Adolf von Behring, 1901 y\u0131l\u0131nda difteri antitoksinini yani Difteri A\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> buldu\u011fu i\u00e7in N\u00f6bet Fizyoloji ve T\u0131p \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc alm\u0131\u015f\u00a0Alman fizyologdur. \u00a0Difteri \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin ana nedenlerinden biri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, yayg\u0131n olarak “\u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kurtar\u0131c\u0131s\u0131” olarak bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n Emil von Behring (1854-1917) Hansdorfta (Almanya) do\u011fmu\u015ftur. 1874-1878 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Berlin Akademie f\u00fcr das milit\u00e4r\u00e4rztliche Bildungswesen’de t\u0131p okudu. \u00d6\u011frenimini bitirdikten sonra, 1889\u2019da Berlin Koch Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde asistan olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Behring, 1890 y\u0131l\u0131nda difteri antitoksinini ke\u015ffetti. 1890\u2019da Enstit\u00fc de Japon ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u015eibasabura Kitasato ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, ku\u015fpalaz\u0131 (difteri) a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 olmu\u015f hayvanlardan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan serumunu ba\u015fka hayvanlara a\u015f\u0131lad\u0131; bu hayvanlar\u0131n ku\u015fpalaz\u0131na tutulmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle a\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f hayvanlarda ku\u015fpalaz\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k do\u011fdu\u011funu buldu. 1892\u2019de ku\u015fpalaz\u0131 a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 piyasaya sunuldu ve yayg\u0131n bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca Tetanoza kar\u015f\u0131 serum terapilerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in Fizyoloji veya T\u0131p alan\u0131nda ilk Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n 1896 profes\u00f6r olan Behring, Halle\u2019de ve Marburg\u2019da sa\u011fl\u0131k koruma dersleri verdi. 1895\u2019te Marburg Sa\u011fl\u0131k Ensti-t\u00fcs\u00fc y\u00f6neticili\u011fine atand\u0131. 1901 Nobel T\u0131p ve Fizyoloji \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kazand\u0131. Marburg\u2019da zat\u00fcrree\u2019den \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Difteri, Corynebacterium difteri (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) bakteri kaynakl\u0131 bir enfeksiyondur. Belirtiler ve semptomlar hafif veya \u015fiddetli olabilir. Genellikle maruz kald\u0131ktan iki ile be\u015f g\u00fcn sonra ba\u015flarlar. Belirtiler genellikle bo\u011faz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8492,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[3051,3052],"class_list":["post-8489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik","tag-difteri","tag-emil-von-behring"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8489"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8489"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8491,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8489\/revisions\/8491"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}