Tularemi Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, tav\u015fan vebas\u0131 olarak da bilinir, \u00f6ncelikle yaban\u0131l hayvanlarda, kimi zaman da insanda g\u00f6r\u00fclen akut enfeksiyon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131. \u0130lk kez 1911\u2019de California\u2019da, Tulare ilinde yerde ya\u015fayan sincaplarda saptanarak betimlenen hastal\u0131k insanda ilk kez 1914\u2019te ABD\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. 1912\u2019de elde edilen hastal\u0131k etkeni \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bakteri olan Francisella Tularensis\u2019tir. ABD\u2019de insanda rastlanan vakalar\u0131n y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131nda tav\u015fan\u0131n; \u00f6zellikle pamukkuyruk ada tav\u015fan\u0131n\u0131n (Sylvilagus), \u0130sve\u00e7 ve Norve\u00e7\u2019te tav\u015fan, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde su farelerinin bula\u015fmada rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi ve ba\u015fka baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde hastal\u0131k etkeninin suyla ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 sonucunda salg\u0131nlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Francisella tularensis, M.\u00d6. 1715 ve M.\u00d6. 1075 y\u0131llar\u0131nda eski Kenan’da insan salg\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n sebebi olarak tespit edilmi\u015ftir. M.\u00d6. 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda do\u011fu Akdeniz’i rahats\u0131z eden uzun s\u00fcren bir salg\u0131n, Arwad-F\u0131rat ticaret yolunda Kenan’da g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Tularemi bakterisi ilk olarak\u00a0G.W. McCoy<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan 1912’de izole edilmi\u015ftir. \u00a0Bilim adamlar\u0131, tulareminin insan i\u00e7in tehlikeli olabilece\u011fini tespit ettiler; Bir insan enfekte olmu\u015f bir hayvana dokunduktan sonra enfeksiyona yakalanabilir. Bu hastal\u0131k genellikle avc\u0131lar, a\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar ve tar\u0131m i\u015f\u00e7ilerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n Hastal\u0131k insana do\u011frudan hastal\u0131kl\u0131 tav\u015fan\u0131n le\u015fine dokunmakla ya da s\u0131kl\u0131kla Chrysops discalis t\u00fcr\u00fc s\u0131\u011f\u0131r sine\u011fi olmak \u00fczere bir b\u00f6cek ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131yla dolayl\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7er. Enfeksiyonun hayvanlar aras\u0131nda yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan Dermacentor, Hae-maphysalis, Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma ve Ixodes cinsi kenelerin sorumlu oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Enfeksiyonun eri\u015fkin keneden yumurtaya ge\u00e7mesiyle larva ve nemfler de hastal\u0131k kayna\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n Hastal\u0131k insanda, lezyonlar\u0131n olu\u015ftu\u011fu b\u00f6lge ve belirtilere g\u00f6re ay\u0131rt edilen d\u00f6rt farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Kulu\u00e7ka devresi<\/p>\n 3-5 g\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Lezyonlar genellikle enfeksiyonun v\u00fccuda girdi\u011fi b\u00f6lgede g\u00f6r\u00fclen ve \u00fclserle\u015fen bir kabart\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Enfeksiyon daha sonra lezyonun yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki lenf bezlerine yay\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00f6zde de s\u0131kl\u0131kla iltihaplanma g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, g\u00f6z \u00e7evresindeki lenf bezleri de \u015fi\u015fer. Genel belirtiler aras\u0131nda ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve ate\u015f say\u0131labilir. Hastal\u0131k 2-4 hafta s\u00fcrer; \u00f6l\u00fcm oram y\u00fczde 5\u2019in alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Koruyucu \u00f6nlem olarak a\u015f\u0131lama g\u00f6rece etkisizdir. Tedavide tetrasiklinler olduk\u00e7a yararl\u0131d\u0131r; en etkili antibiyotik streptomisindir. Ama bakteride streptomisine kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 genellikle tedavinin ilk g\u00fcnlerinde geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Tularemi Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, tav\u015fan vebas\u0131 olarak da bilinir, \u00f6ncelikle yaban\u0131l hayvanlarda, kimi zaman da insanda g\u00f6r\u00fclen akut enfeksiyon hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131. \u0130lk kez 1911\u2019de California\u2019da, Tulare ilinde yerde ya\u015fayan sincaplarda saptanarak betimlenen hastal\u0131k…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saglik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8506"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8506"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8506\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8513,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8506\/revisions\/8513"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}