Ba\u011flama T\u00fcrkiye ve Azerbaycan gibi T\u00fcrk \u00fclkelerinde pop\u00fcler olan bir telli m\u00fczik aletidir. Anadolu\u2019da halk \u00e7alg\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Telli, uzun sapl\u0131 ve \u015fi\u015fkin g\u00f6vdelidir. B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc meydan saz\u0131yla cura aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kiraz a\u011fac\u0131 kabu\u011fundan yap\u0131lan ve tezene denilen bir \u00e7e\u015fit m\u0131zrapla \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131r. Ba\u011flama 200 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar, yaln\u0131z T\u00fcrkmenlerle Y\u00f6r\u00fcklerin \u00e7alg\u0131s\u0131 idi.\u00a0Ba\u011flama; tekne, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs ve sap olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 ana k\u0131s\u0131mdan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Tekne k\u0131sm\u0131 genelde dut a\u011fac\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ancak dut a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ard\u0131\u00e7, ceviz, g\u00fcrgen gibi a\u011fa\u00e7lardan da yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs k\u0131sm\u0131 ladin ve k\u00f6knar a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan, sap k\u0131sm\u0131 ise g\u00fcrgen, akg\u00fcrgen veya ceviz a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ba\u011flamaya benzeyen aletler, Anadolu’da S\u00fcmer ve Hitit h\u00f6y\u00fcklerinin Arkaik d\u00f6nem kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda ve Antik Yunan eserlerinde bulunmu\u015ftur.\u00a0Ba\u011flama, Orta Asya’da ve T\u00fcrk-Anadolu \u00f6ncesi tarihsel m\u00fczik aletlerinin bir sentezidir.\u00a0Ba\u011flama kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla, “ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fey” olarak, muhtemelen enstr\u00fcman\u0131n ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f perdelerine yap\u0131lan at\u0131f olarak\u00a0de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011flama ve ailesi olan sazlar\u0131 tan\u0131yabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce bu sazlar\u0131n atas\u0131 olarak bilinen Kopuzun tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir.\u00a0\u0130nsanlar, su kaba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131na ince deriler gerdirip sap ilave etmi\u015fler ve kiri\u015f tellerini deri \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7irmek sureti ile sesin daha net \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yay ile \u00e7al\u0131nanlara \u0130kl\u0131\u011f, parmak veya m\u0131zrap t\u00fcr\u00fcnden maddelerle \u00e7al\u0131nan t\u00fcrlerine de Kopuz ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
\u0130kl\u0131\u011f yayl\u0131 sazlar\u0131n, Kopuz ise m\u0131zrapl\u0131 sazlar\u0131n atas\u0131 olarak bilinmektedir. Kopuz, sonralar\u0131 su kaba\u011f\u0131 yerine armudumsu \u015fekilde a\u011fa\u00e7lardan oyularak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00fczerine yine deri gerilmi\u015f, kiri\u015f teller tak\u0131larak uzun y\u0131llar \u00e7al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, daha sonralar\u0131 da derinin yerini a\u011fa\u00e7 (g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs-ses tablosu), kiri\u015f tellerinin yerini ise metal teller alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u0131zrapl\u0131 sazlar\u0131n atas\u0131 alarak bilinen Kopuz, T\u00fcrklerin en eski sazlar\u0131ndan biridir. En az 1500 y\u0131l kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bu \u00fcnl\u00fc m\u0131zrapl\u0131 saz, bug\u00fcn yerini Anadolu\u2019da ba\u011flama ve ailesi sazlar\u0131na b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f olmakla beraber, Orta Asya ve Sibirya T\u00fcrkleri taraf\u0131ndan halen kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011flama Yunan m\u00fczi\u011finde de vard\u0131r. Yunan m\u00fczi\u011finde Baglamas ad\u0131 verilir. Yine ayn\u0131 aileden olan Bouzuki de ba\u011flaman\u0131n bir t\u00fcrevidir.\u00a0Azerbaycan da\u00a0ba\u011flama\u00a0Ashiqs sanat\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ashiqs sanat\u0131; \u015fiir, hikaye anlat\u0131m\u0131, dans ve vokal ve enstr\u00fcmantal m\u00fczi\u011fi geleneksel bir performans sanat\u0131na birle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011flama ailesinden olan sazlar\u00a0Ba\u011flama, Divan Saz\u0131, Bozuk, \u00c7\u00f6\u011f\u00fcr, Kopuz Ir\u0131zva, Cura, Tambura olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan\u0131 Cura en b\u00fcy\u00fck olan\u0131 ise Divan Saz\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ba\u011flama T\u00fcrkiye ve Azerbaycan gibi T\u00fcrk \u00fclkelerinde pop\u00fcler olan bir telli m\u00fczik aletidir. Anadolu\u2019da halk \u00e7alg\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Telli, uzun sapl\u0131 ve \u015fi\u015fkin g\u00f6vdelidir. B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc meydan saz\u0131yla cura aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kiraz a\u011fac\u0131 kabu\u011fundan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8522,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[3060,3061],"class_list":["post-8521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-eglence","tag-baglama","tag-saz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8521"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8521"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8523,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8521\/revisions\/8523"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}