Mezopotamya’da bulunan 5 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bir heykelcikte, tarihin en eski \u00e7ivileri g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. 60 santim y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki bu bo\u011fa heykeli, bak\u0131r plakalar\u0131n, ah\u015fap bir iskelet \u00fczerine \u00e7ivilerle \u00e7ak\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6ntemiyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Orta \u00e7a\u011flarda, \u00e7ivi yap\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zel bir uzmanl\u0131k dal\u0131 haline geldi. Demir \u00e7ubuklardan, \u00e7e\u015fitli boy ve kal\u0131nl\u0131klarda \u00e7iviler yap\u0131l\u0131yordu, ama bunlar\u0131n maliyetleri hayli y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fundan fiyatlar\u0131 da o oranda pahal\u0131 oluyordu. Bu nedenle, o d\u00f6nemde in\u015faatlarda, kalaslar, genellikle, usta marangozlar taraf\u0131ndan tahta \u00e7ivilerle birbirine ba\u011flan\u0131yordu. Fabrikasyon olarak \u00e7ivi \u00fcretebilen ilk ayg\u0131tlar\u0131n patenti, ABD’de 1786 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ezekial Reed, \u0130ngiltere’de de 1790 y\u0131l\u0131nda Thomas Clifford<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nd\u0131. B\u00f6ylece, marangozluk ve mimaride yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n \u00c7ivi<\/b> ah\u015fap ya da plastik malzemeleri birle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan, genellikle metal malzemedir.\u00a0Bir ucu sivri u\u00e7lu ince \u00e7ubuk benzeri par\u00e7an\u0131n di\u011fer ucunda \u00e7eki\u00e7 ile vurulabilecek bir ba\u015fl\u0131k vard\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7eki\u00e7 ile vuruldu\u011funda sivri u\u00e7ta \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 olur. Bu bas\u0131n\u00e7 \u00e7ivinin yumu\u015fak tahta veya di\u011fer y\u00fczey i\u00e7erisine dalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u00c7ivi \u00fczerinde bulunan ufak t\u0131rt\u0131klar \u00e7ivinin geri \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. \u0130ki par\u00e7aya da saplanan \u00e7ivi bu par\u00e7alar\u0131 birle\u015ftirmi\u015f olur. \u00c7ivi \u00e7akmak i\u00e7in dizayn edilmi\u015f keserler \u00fczerinde yanl\u0131\u015f \u00e7ak\u0131lan \u00e7iviyi d\u00fczeltmek veya \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir anahtar delik bulunur. Bu anahtar deli\u011fe \u00e7ivi ba\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7ekicin di\u011fer ucundan kuvvet uygulanarak kald\u0131ra\u00e7 etkisi ile \u00e7ivi s\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00e7ivilerin g\u00f6vde k\u0131sm\u0131, d\u00fcz, ring, helikal (vidal\u0131) \u015fekildedir. Ring ve vidal\u0131 \u00e7iviler d\u00fcz \u00e7ivilere g\u00f6re daha zor s\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00e7ok iyi birle\u015ftirilmesi gereken ve y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131ma etkisine maruz kalan yerlerde tercih edilirler. Ayr\u0131ca beton uygulamalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere y\u00fcksek karbonlu telden, \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem ile sertle\u015ftirilerek \u00fcretilmi\u015f \u00e7iviler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Mezopotamya’da bulunan 5 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bir heykelcikte, tarihin en eski \u00e7ivileri g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. 60 santim y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki bu bo\u011fa heykeli, bak\u0131r plakalar\u0131n, ah\u015fap bir iskelet \u00fczerine \u00e7ivilerle \u00e7ak\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6ntemiyle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Orta \u00e7a\u011flarda,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10193,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,317],"tags":[483],"class_list":["post-857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ev","category-is-dunyasi","tag-civi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/857"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=857"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10194,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/857\/revisions\/10194"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}