Sanayinin vazge\u00e7ilmezi somun ve c\u0131vatalar ilk olarak a\u011fa\u00e7yan yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Somun ve c\u0131vatadan, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak, 1550 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Avrupa’da yararlan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu somun ve c\u0131vatalar, tamamen elle ve tahtadan yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u00a01798 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD’de David Wilkinson somun ve c\u0131vata \u00fcreten bir ara\u00e7 yapt\u0131. Ondan bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce de \u0130ngiliz Henry Moudslay, tamam\u0131 metal olan c\u0131vatalarla somunlar\u0131 \u00fcretmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu iki bulu\u015f \u00fczerine, somun ve c\u0131vata h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde makine ve bina yap\u0131m\u0131nda metal somun ve c\u0131vatalar ah\u015fap benzerlerinin yerlerini tamamen alm\u0131\u015f durumdayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Somun<\/b>, c\u0131vata veya saplama ile beraber kullan\u0131lan, ana s\u00f6k\u00fclebilir ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131ndan biridir. Temel olarak, ortas\u0131nda k\u0131lavuz \u00e7ekilmi\u015f (vida a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f) bir delik olan basit bir par\u00e7ad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ki ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131 (c\u0131vata-somun veya saplama-somun), vida di\u015fleri aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme kuvvetinin etkisiyle birbirlerine tutunurlar. Ayr\u0131ca c\u0131vatan\u0131n ve somunun birle\u015ftirilen par\u00e7alara oturan y\u00fczeylerinde de c\u0131vata ve somunu “kilitleyen” birer s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme kuvveti mevcuttur. Ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n, ortamdaki titre\u015fim ile bir s\u00fcre sonra gev\u015feyerek s\u00f6k\u00fclmemesi i\u00e7in somun\/c\u0131vata uygun tork ile s\u0131k\u0131larak c\u0131vatan\u0131n\/saplaman\u0131n hafif\u00e7e uzamas\u0131 ve birle\u015ftirilen par\u00e7alar\u0131n da hafif\u00e7e s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, bu sayede c\u0131vatan\u0131n ve birle\u015ftirilen par\u00e7alar\u0131n birer yay gibi davranarak titre\u015fim esnas\u0131nda vida di\u015fleri ve par\u00e7a-ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme kuvvetlerinin “hi\u00e7bir zaman” s\u0131f\u0131rlanamamas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Zira bu s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme kuvvetlerinin s\u0131f\u0131rlanmas\u0131, ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n gev\u015femesine ve s\u00f6k\u00fclmesine sebep olur.<\/p>\n
C\u0131vata<\/b>, birbirine ba\u011flanmak istenen par\u00e7alar\u0131n \u00fczerine delik a\u00e7\u0131larak ucuna somun tak\u0131larak s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan bir ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle somun ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
C\u0131vatan\u0131n en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar makine ve in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Kelime k\u00f6k\u00fc \u0130talyanca \u201cGiaveta\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden gelmekte olup, ilk kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 M. \u00d6. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131la dayanmaktad\u0131r. Antik \u00e7a\u011flarda silindirin \u00fczerine tel sar\u0131larak lehimlendi ve ilk di\u015fli ba\u011flant\u0131lar kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. M.\u00d6. 250 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Ar\u015fimet<\/a> vidas\u0131 su ta\u015f\u0131mada kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Ger\u00e7ekte \u0130skenderiyeli Heron taraf\u0131ndan M.\u00d6. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bulunmu\u015f olan vida, o zamanlardan itibaren cerrahi aletlerde kullan\u0131ld\u0131. D\u00f6k\u00fcm tekni\u011fi ile \u00fcretim yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Avrupa’da 1400’lerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen c\u0131vata, 1452-1519 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Leonardo Da Vinci taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk tornavida kullan\u0131m\u0131 da 1700\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llara rastlar. \u0130ngiltere’de 1797 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Henry Maudslay<\/strong> (1771-1831) Amerika’da David Wilkinson<\/strong> 1798’de c\u0131vata patenti alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n 1850\u2019li y\u0131llarda s\u0131cak d\u00f6vme tekni\u011fi ile yap\u0131lan \u00fcretim 20.y.y\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren seri imalat\u0131n hayat\u0131m\u0131za girmesiyle modern \u00fcretim teknolojisi olan so\u011fuk d\u00f6vme sistemine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu sistemle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, dakikada 200 \u2013 300 adet par\u00e7aya kadar \u00fcretim yap\u0131labilmektedir. Amac\u0131na g\u00f6re bir\u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fit c\u0131vata vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lanlar\u0131 alt\u0131 k\u00f6\u015fe ba\u015fl\u0131 c\u0131vatalar ve alyan ba\u015fl\u0131 denilen imbus c\u0131vatalard\u0131r. Somun ve c\u0131vatalar\u0131n di\u015fleri (yiv) birbirine uygun olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7eklerdeki somun ve c\u0131vata bir ba\u011flant\u0131da kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n Kesin olarak bilinmemekle birlikte y\u00fczlerce c\u0131vata ve vida \u00e7e\u015fidi bulundu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ektir. C\u0131vatalar, demir, \u00e7elik, pirin\u00e7, bronz, titanyum, bak\u0131r, aluminyum gibi maddelerden yap\u0131lmakta olup, makine ve in\u015faat sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde en \u00e7ok demir – \u00e7elik ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 tipleri kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Sanayinin vazge\u00e7ilmezi somun ve c\u0131vatalar ilk olarak a\u011fa\u00e7yan yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Somun ve c\u0131vatadan, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak, 1550 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren Avrupa’da yararlan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Bu somun ve c\u0131vatalar, tamamen elle ve tahtadan yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. \u00a01798…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317],"tags":[488,2824,2823,489],"class_list":["post-864","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-is-dunyasi","tag-civata","tag-david-wilkinson","tag-henry-maudslay","tag-somun"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/864"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=864"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/864\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11702,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/864\/revisions\/11702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=864"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=864"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}