Canl\u0131 veya \u00f6l\u00fc bir\u00a0ki\u015finin, bir organ veya dokusunun tedavi amac\u0131ya ba\u015fka bir ki\u015fiye aktar\u0131lmas\u0131na organ nakli denmektedir.\u00a0Organ\u00a0nakli fikrine, \u00e7ok eski devirlerden beri rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Hindistan\u2019da eski devirlerde su\u00e7lular\u0131n burunlar\u0131\u00a0kesilirdi. Hintli cerrahlar, \u00a0kesik burunlar\u0131 tamir etmekte b\u00fcy\u00fck ustal\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Hastan\u0131n kolundan\u00a0ince bir deri ve derialt\u0131 ya\u011f dokusu par\u00e7as\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131larak burna tutturulur ve deri par\u00e7as\u0131, y\u00fczdeki kan\u00a0deveran\u0131 ile ahenk temin etti\u011finde, kolla ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kesilirdi.<\/p>\n
On sekizinci as\u0131rda bir \u0130talyan cerrah olan\u00a0Baronio, dikkatle yap\u0131lacak olan bir ameliyat sonucunda bir hastan\u0131n v\u00fccudundan al\u0131nan deri\u00a0par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 insana nakledilebilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.\u00a0Organ nakli konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bilim adamlar\u0131, \u00f6nce hayvandan hayvana daha sonra\u00a0da insandan insana organ nakillerini denemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanlar aras\u0131nda organ naklini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye ili\u015fkin denemeler, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131. Fakat, o g\u00fcne kadar hayvanlar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan deneyler, v\u00fccuda yeni tak\u0131lan organ\u0131n, b\u00fcnyenin savunma mekanizmalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131r a\u011f\u0131r yok edildi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n
1953 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Bostonlu cerrah John P.Merrill, ikiz karde\u015flerden birinden al\u0131nacak bir b\u00f6bre\u011fin \u00f6tekine tak\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, b\u00fcnyenin yeni b\u00f6bre\u011fi reddetmedi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. \u00a0Sonralar\u0131, birbirleriyle akrabal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayan insanlar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan organ naklinin b\u00fcnye taraf\u0131ndan kabul\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayan ila\u00e7lar geli\u015ftirildi. \u0130la\u00e7lar yard\u0131m\u0131 ile yap\u0131lan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ilk b\u00f6brek nakli 1956 senesinde Dr. Muray ve\u00a0arkada\u015flar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n
Bu ila\u00e7lar sayesinde, \u00f6nceleri, b\u00f6brek nakilleri yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak, bu ila\u00e7lar sayesinde b\u00f6brek tak\u0131lan hastalar, bu kez de bir t\u00fcr kanserin tehdidiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131lar. Bu nedenle, organ nakli, ancak, ba\u015fka t\u00fcrl\u00fc ya\u015famas\u0131 olanaks\u0131z hale gelen hastalar i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurulan bir y\u00f6ntem oldu.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcney Afrika Cumhuriyetinde, 1967 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 3 Aral\u0131k g\u00fcn\u00fc, kalp cerrah\u0131 Dr. Christian\u00a0Barnard, ilk kalp nakli ameliyat\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Kalp nakledilen hasta ise fazla ya\u015famay\u0131p ameliyat\u0131n\u00a0on sekizinci g\u00fcn\u00fc zat\u00fcrreden \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Kalp nakli art\u0131k ted\u00e2vi ile d\u00fczelemeyecek a\u011f\u0131r kalp hastalar\u0131na uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Verici ise genel olarak\u00a0ya\u015fama \u00fcmidi kalmam\u0131\u015f bir kazazededir. Kalbi al\u0131nacak kimsenin her\u015feyden \u00f6nce kalbinin gen\u00e7 ve\u00a0sa\u011flam olmas\u0131 al\u0131c\u0131 ile kan ve doku gruplar\u0131n\u0131n birbirini tutmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
1945 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar nakledilen organ veya dokular\u0131n\u00a0neden kabul veya red edildikleri anla\u015f\u0131lam\u0131yordu. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k hadiselerinin organ nakillerindeki rol\u00fcn\u00fc\u00a0Medawar ispatlad\u0131. Organ nakillerindeki ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k reaksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n en m\u00fchimi al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n nakledilen organ\u00a0veya dokuya kar\u015f\u0131 olan reaksiyonudur. Organ\u0131n reddi veya kabul\u00fc buna ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Canl\u0131 veya \u00f6l\u00fc bir\u00a0ki\u015finin, bir organ veya dokusunun tedavi amac\u0131ya ba\u015fka bir ki\u015fiye aktar\u0131lmas\u0131na organ nakli denmektedir.\u00a0Organ\u00a0nakli fikrine, \u00e7ok eski devirlerden beri rastlanmaktad\u0131r. Hindistan\u2019da eski devirlerde su\u00e7lular\u0131n burunlar\u0131\u00a0kesilirdi. Hintli cerrahlar,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[494],"class_list":["post-869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saglik","tag-organ-nakli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/869"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=869"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/869\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7585,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/869\/revisions\/7585"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}