K\u00fcrdan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde modern insanlar\u0131n geli\u015fiminden \u00f6nceki az say\u0131daki bulu\u015flardan biridir.\u00a0Bilim adamlar\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n erken d\u00f6neminde Neandertal’lerin di\u015flerini temizlemek i\u00e7in ara\u00e7 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmektedir ayr\u0131ca, Avustralya Aborijinleri, tarih \u00f6ncesi yerli Amerikal\u0131lar ve eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lara ait kal\u0131nt\u0131larda di\u015flerin temizlenmesi i\u015fleminin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kan\u0131tlar bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
Mezopotamyal\u0131lar, di\u015f bo\u015fluklar\u0131n\u0131 temiz tutmak i\u00e7in\u00a0g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, bronz ve antik d\u00f6neme ait \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011ferli metallerden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fcrdanlar ve benzeri aletleri kulland\u0131lar. Orta\u00e7a\u011f d\u00f6neminde, alt\u0131n veya g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f k\u00fcrdan ta\u015f\u0131mak, soylular\u0131n kendilerini s\u0131radan insanlardan ay\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n bir yolu oldu.\u00a0K\u00fcrdan her zaman s\u0131radan, toplu \u00fcretilen ve tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k ah\u015fap par\u00e7as\u0131 de\u011fildi \u00f6rne\u011fin Krali\u00e7e Elizabeth’e alt\u0131 adet alt\u0131n k\u00fcrdan hediye olarak verilmi\u015fti.\u00a0Hatta boynunda k\u00fcrdanlar\u0131 bir gerdanl\u0131k gibi takarak\u00a0poz verdi\u011fi bir portresi bile bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu arada, alt\u0131n k\u00fcrdan gibi l\u00fcks e\u015fyalara g\u00fcc\u00fc yetmeyenler kendi k\u00fcrdan modalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdular. \u00d6rne\u011fin Romal\u0131lar, ku\u015f t\u00fcy\u00fcnden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u00fcsl\u00fc k\u00fcrdanlar kullanmaktayd\u0131lar.\u00a0Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131nda, yerli halklar geyik kemiklerinden k\u00fcrdan yapt\u0131lar. Eski d\u00f6nemlerde ah\u015fap \u0131sland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u0131pranmas\u0131, dayan\u0131ks\u0131z olmas\u0131 ve temiz g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi nedenyiyle k\u00fcrdan olarak kullan\u0131lmamaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyadaki di\u015f kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n her yerde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle, k\u00fcrdan imalat\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda k\u00fcrdan talebi de artt\u0131. \u0130lk toplu k\u00fcrdan \u00fcretimini\u00a0Charles Forster adl\u0131 Amerikal\u0131 giri\u015fimci ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Avrupada k\u00fcrdanlar\u0131n seri olarak \u00fcretilmesi Portekiz’deki Mondego Nehri Vadisi’ne kadar uzanmaktad\u0131r. Coimbra’n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir belediyesinde Mos-teiro de Lorv\u00e3o manast\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l rahibeleri, di\u015flere kal\u0131nt\u0131 b\u0131rakan \u015fekerlemeleri di\u015flerinden temizlemek i\u00e7in tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k bir alet olarak k\u00fcrdan yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.\u00a0Yerli halk, \u00e7ak\u0131 ile portakal a\u011fac\u0131ndan\u00a0el i\u015fi k\u00fcrdan yapma konusunda uzmanla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6lge, zamanla, en iyi k\u00fcrdanlar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fcrdan sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnyadaki ba\u015fkenti olma unvan\u0131n\u0131 kazanacakt\u0131. Avrupan\u0131n heryerinden ve Amerikadan sipari\u015fler k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131. Portekizliler \u00f6zellikle “palitos especiales” ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan k\u00fcrdanlar\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcrler. ABD’de baz\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131lar renkli selofanla kapl\u0131 k\u00fcrdanlar \u00fcrettiler.<\/p>\n
Amerikal\u0131 giri\u015fimci Charles Forster, \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcney Amerika’daki k\u00fcrdanlar\u0131n y\u00fcksek kalitesinden etkilendi. Brezilya’da \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, yerli halk\u0131n genellikle kusursuz di\u015fleri oldu\u011funu ve Portekiz’den ithal k\u00fcrdanlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n buna katk\u0131da bulundu\u011funu fark etti.\u00a0Amerikal\u0131 Benjamin Franklin Sturtevant’\u0131n ayakkab\u0131 yap\u0131m makinesinden esinlenen Forster, g\u00fcnde milyonlarca k\u00fcrdan \u00fcretebilecek benzer bir makina yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Forster k\u00fcrdanlar\u0131 \u00fcretmi\u015fti fakat, Amerikal\u0131lar pek ilgi g\u00f6stermediler. Sorun Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam tarz\u0131ndayd\u0131. Pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi k\u00fcrdan sat\u0131n alman\u0131n gereksiz bir masraf oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Bu nedenle ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek gerekiyordu. O g\u00fcne kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f, al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k pazarlama taktikleri uygulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Harvard’dan \u00f6\u011frencileri alarak restoranlarda k\u00fcrdan da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden, pek \u00e7ok lokanta, aya\u011f\u0131na gelen bu hizmetten ho\u015fnut olmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130nsanlar lokantada yemek yedikten sonra k\u00fcrdan sormaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Forster, zamanla neredeyse tek ba\u015f\u0131na ah\u015fap k\u00fcrdan i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fcmekte olan bir pazar olu\u015fturdu.\u00a019. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, her y\u0131l milyarlarca k\u00fcrdan kullan\u0131ld\u0131. 1887’de, be\u015f milyardan fazla k\u00fcrdan sat\u0131\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti ve Forster bunlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7o\u011funa sahipti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
K\u00fcrdan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde modern insanlar\u0131n geli\u015fiminden \u00f6nceki az say\u0131daki bulu\u015flardan biridir.\u00a0Bilim adamlar\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n erken d\u00f6neminde Neandertal’lerin di\u015flerini temizlemek i\u00e7in ara\u00e7 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrmektedir ayr\u0131ca, Avustralya Aborijinleri, tarih \u00f6ncesi yerli Amerikal\u0131lar ve…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8734,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[3076],"class_list":["post-8731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yiyecek-icecek","tag-kurdan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8731"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8731"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8731\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8736,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8731\/revisions\/8736"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8734"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}