1928 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda, Londra’daki St. Mary Hastanesi’nde Dr. Alexander Fleming taraf\u0131ndan bulundu. Fleming, bir ay \u00f6nce tatile \u00e7\u0131karken, laboratuvann\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6rmeyen bir k\u00f6\u015fesine baz\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrler yerle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. D.M. Pryce’la birlikte, bunlar\u0131n antiseptik \u00f6zelliklerini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Tatil sonras\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 incelemelerde, bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerden birinin farkl\u0131 bir \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini fark etti. Bunun \u00fczerine yo\u011fun bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Sonunda 13 \u015eubat 1929 g\u00fcn\u00fc, T\u0131bbi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Kul\u00fcb\u00fc’nde, penisilini buldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Penisilinin ilk klinik uygulamas\u0131 St. Mary’s Hastanesi’nde, 9 Ocak 1929 g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131ld\u0131. Fleming, asistanlar\u0131ndan Stuart Craddock’un sin\u00fcs iltihab\u0131n\u0131 penisilinle iyile\u015ftirdi ve “steplokok” t\u00fcr\u00fc mikroplar\u0131 yok ederek tedavide ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. \u0130lac\u0131n \u00e7ok daha etkin bir kullan\u0131m\u0131, 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda Sheffield’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Dr. C.G. Paine iki \u00e7ocuk hastada do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen “gonokokal oftalmitis” denilen g\u00f6rme bozuklu\u011fu ile, bir eri\u015fkin hastada “pnomokokal enfeksiyon” sonucu olu\u015fan g\u00f6z hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 penisilinle iyile\u015ftirdi. Eri\u015fkin hastan\u0131n sa\u011f g\u00f6z\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fme sonucu bir ta\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 \u00e7arpm\u0131\u015f ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ta\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 g\u00f6zbebe\u011finin arkas\u0131na girerek hasara neden olmu\u015ftu. Enfeksiyon, penisilinle temizlendi ve g\u00f6z, ta\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kartmak i\u00e7in ameliyat edilebilir hale geldi. Hasta, k\u0131sa zamanda yeniden normal g\u00f6rme yetene\u011fine kavu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
Bu ilk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 penisilin tedavileri, yerel giri\u015fimler olarak kald\u0131 ve penisilinin \u00f6nemli bir “kemoterapi” unsuru olarak kabul edilmesi \u00e7ok zaman ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilk penisilin Sir William Dunn Patoloji Okulu’nda, 1940 yaz\u0131nda, Profes\u00f6r Howard Florey ve Yahudi as\u0131ll\u0131 Alman Profes\u00f6r Ernest Chain taraf\u0131ndan elde edildi. Prof. Florey, ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu, “Kemoterapik tedavi arac\u0131 olarak penisilin” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir makalesiyle d\u00fcnyaya duyurdu. Bu makale, 24 A\u011fustos 1940 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Lancet’te yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilk penisilinin ilk tedavide kullan\u0131lmas\u0131\u00a012 \u015eubat 1941 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Oxford’da Radcliffe Hastanesi’nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bir polis memuru olan hasta, a\u011f\u0131z kenar\u0131ndaki yara sonucu, kan zehirlenmesine yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 24 saat i\u00e7inde hastaya 800 miligram penisilin verildi ve durumunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00fczelme g\u00f6zlendi. Ancak 5 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde, Profes\u00f6r Florey’in ekibi, o d\u00f6nemde, d\u00fcnyada bulunan t\u00fcm ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f penisilini t\u00fcketti ve hasta 15 Mart g\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6ld\u00fc. Kesin bir ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanan ilk penisilin tedavisi, yine Redcliffe Hastanesi’nde, 3 May\u0131s 1941 g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015firpen\u00e7e \u00e7\u0131ban yaras\u0131yla hastaneye getirilen hastaya, damardan penisilin verildi. 4 g\u00fcn sonra, yaran\u0131n iyile\u015fmeye y\u00fcz tuttu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. 15 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc, hasta, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tamamen kavu\u015fmu\u015f olarak hastaneden taburcu edildi. Geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde penisilin \u00fcretmek \u00fczere ilk tesis de Oxford’daki Sir William Dunn Patoloji Okulu’nda, 1941 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131nda, Prof. Chain’in y\u00f6netiminde faaliyete ge\u00e7ti. Penisilini de \u00fcretti\u011fi ila\u00e7lar aras\u0131na alan ilk eczac\u0131l\u0131k kurulu\u015fu ise, Bromyey’deki Kemball and Bishop Co. \u015firketi oldu. \u015eirket, \u00fcretti\u011fi 10 galonluk ilk 20 bidon penisilini, \u00fccretsiz olarak 11 Eyl\u00fcl 1942 g\u00fcn\u00fc Patoloji Okulu’na arma\u011fan etti. Sir Alexander Fleming, Sir Howard Florey ve Dr. E.B. Chain, penisilinle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, 1945 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ekim ay\u0131nda Nobel \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc’n\u00fc ortakla\u015fa payla\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1928 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda, Londra’daki St. Mary Hastanesi’nde Dr. Alexander Fleming taraf\u0131ndan bulundu. Fleming, bir ay \u00f6nce tatile \u00e7\u0131karken, laboratuvann\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6rmeyen bir k\u00f6\u015fesine baz\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrler yerle\u015ftirmi\u015fti. D.M. Pryce’la birlikte,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5784,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[226,502],"class_list":["post-880","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik","tag-antibiyotik","tag-penisilin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/880"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=880"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/880\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10286,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/880\/revisions\/10286"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5784"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=880"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=880"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=880"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}