{"id":8871,"date":"2018-02-04T18:18:56","date_gmt":"2018-02-04T16:18:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8871"},"modified":"2018-10-02T22:29:52","modified_gmt":"2018-10-02T20:29:52","slug":"ilk-filozof-kimdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8871","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lk Filozof Thales kimdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Miletli Thales (Thales of Miletus) (M.\u00d6. 624 – M.\u00d6. 546)<\/h2>\n

ilk bilim adam\u0131 ve filozof, bat\u0131 felsefesinin babas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan antik Yunan filozofu Miletos’lu Thales’dir. Elbette felsefi sorulara olan yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, modern Yunan filozoflar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz, ancak do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00fcnyaya y\u00f6nelmek yerine do\u011fal fenomeni kullanan bilinen ilk ki\u015fidir.\u00a0Onun \u00f6rneklemelerini bir disiplin olarak di\u011fer Yunan filozoflar\u0131 takip etmi\u015flerdir.\u00a0 Milet’de bat\u0131 felsefesini ba\u015flatan ki\u015fi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen Thales, ilk olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, genel ilkeleri tan\u0131mlayan ve\u00a0ilk hipotezi geli\u015ften ki\u015fidir. Ayr\u0131ca, “bilim biliminin babas\u0131” olarak da adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0 Bilimin babas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi, t\u00fcm maddelerin atom olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan par\u00e7ac\u0131klardan olu\u015ftu\u011funu g\u00f6steren, atom teorisini form\u00fcle eden \u00fcnl\u00fc antik Yunan filozofu Democritus’a esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Thales’in hayat\u0131<\/h3>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fc felsefecinin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok fazla \u015fey bilinmiyor hatta do\u011fum ve \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihleri \u200b\u200bbile kesin de\u011fildir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrkiye’sinin bat\u0131 sahillerindeki eski Yunan \u0130onia kentinde Ayd\u0131n yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan Milet \u015fehrinde do\u011fdu\u011fu san\u0131l\u0131yor. Hayat\u0131 ile ilgili bilgilerin bir \u00e7o\u011fu, \u00f6zellikle Yunan filozoflar\u0131n\u0131n biyografilerini yazan Diogenes Laertius’un (M.\u00d6. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131l)\u00a0antik Yunan felsefesi i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli kaynaklardan biri olan “\u00d6nemli Filozoflar\u0131n Ya\u015famlar\u0131 ve Fikirleri” adl\u0131 eseri temel al\u0131narak derlenmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Diogenes Laertius’un yazd\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re Atinada d\u00fczenlenen 58. Olimpiyat oyunlar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda\u00a0Miletli Thales’in 78 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 58. Olimpiyat oyular\u0131 M.\u00d6. 548-544 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6neme denk gelmektedir. Bu hesaplamaya g\u00f6re Thales M.\u00d6. 626 ve 623 aras\u0131nda do\u011fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Herodot, Douris ve Democritus’tan al\u0131nt\u0131 yapan Laertius’a g\u00f6re, Thales’in annesi ve babas\u0131, Fenikel k\u00f6kenli ve soylu bir aile olan Examyes and Cleobuline idi. Sonraki hayat\u0131 ile ilgili, \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7eli\u015fkili bilgi vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re, Thales evlenmi\u015f ve Cybisthus ad\u0131nda bir o\u011flu olmu\u015ftur. Baz\u0131 kaynaklara g\u00f6re ise hi\u00e7 evlenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Thales’in Felsefe Eserleri<\/h3>\n

Milet Thales’in “On the Solstice” ve “On the Equinox” adl\u0131 eserleri yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir; ancak, iki eserde yok olmu\u015ftur. Bu nedenle ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Thales’in herhangi yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir eser b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ku\u015fkuludur. Eski\u00e7a\u011fda bile Thales’in yaz\u0131l\u0131 eserleri hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u015f\u00fcpheler bulunmaktayd\u0131, ancak baz\u0131 yazarlar da onu “Deniz Y\u0131ld\u0131z Kitab\u0131” ile anmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Milet Thales hakk\u0131ndaki g\u00fcvenilir kan\u0131tlar\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen, zaman\u0131na g\u00f6re felsefi sorulara devrimci yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur. “Metafizik” kitab\u0131nda Aristo<\/a>, Thales’in her \u015feyin sudan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn suya dald\u0131\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Seneca’ya g\u00f6re, filozof, y\u00fczen yery\u00fcz\u00fc teorisini depremleri a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun anlam\u0131, Miletli Thales’in \u00e7e\u015fitli fenomenleri a\u00e7\u0131klamak i\u00e7in\u00a0\u00f6nc\u00fclerince\u00a0kullan\u0131lan do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc ve mistik teorileri reddetti. O do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme tarz\u0131n\u0131 terk eden ilk bilinen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Astronom ve matematik\u00e7i olarak Thales<\/h3>\n

Milet Thales’in Bat\u0131’n\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc filozofu olarak bilinmesi, g\u00fcne\u015f tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcleri sayesinde oldu. Herodot’a g\u00f6re, filozof, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve daha sonra eski Yunan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerini etkiledi\u011fi g\u00fcn\u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bir bi\u00e7imde \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc.\u00a0Zaman\u0131nda ya\u015fayan hi\u00e7 kimse Yunanistan’daki g\u00fcne\u015f tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l tahmin edece\u011fini bilmiyordu. Modern y\u00f6ntemler, Thales’in ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca sadece bir g\u00fcne\u015f tutulmas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini do\u011frulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r bu y\u00fczden Thales’in tutulmay\u0131 tahmin eden hikayesi de tart\u0131\u015fmalarla \u00e7evrilidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc tutulmay\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde tahmin ettiyse, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte yaln\u0131zca bir kez i\u015fe yaram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 kaynaklar, Thales’in Babillilerin Sages olarak bilinen ay\u0131n d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fc kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lardan g\u00fcne\u015f tutulmalar\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etme konusunda bilgi edindi\u011fini iddia etmektedir. (g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Thales’in M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 ziyaret etti\u011fi bilinmektedir). \u00c7o\u011fu modern bilim insan\u0131, her iki a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n da a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir . Thales’in g\u00fcne\u015f tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmesi hikayesini \u015fansl\u0131 bir tahminle nitelendiriyorlar; baz\u0131lar\u0131 bunun asla olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve kendisine atand\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk filozof olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Miletli Thales baz\u0131 kaynaklarda ilk matematik\u00e7i olarak da an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Eski kaynaklara g\u00f6re, matematik disiplinini M\u0131s\u0131r’dan Yunanistan’a getiren ve bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli matematiksel ke\u015ffi yapan\u0131n Thales oldu\u011funu yazmaktad\u0131r. Thales teoremi bu ba\u011flamda olduk\u00e7a \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte, tales’in astronomik ke\u015fifleri gibi, matematiksel ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131na baz\u0131 modern bilim adamlar\u0131 halen \u015f\u00fcphe ile bakmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Miletli Thales (Thales of Miletus) (M.\u00d6. 624 – M.\u00d6. 546) ilk bilim adam\u0131 ve filozof, bat\u0131 felsefesinin babas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan antik Yunan filozofu Miletos’lu Thales’dir. Elbette felsefi sorulara olan yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8872,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[1413],"class_list":["post-8871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","tag-thales"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8871"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8871"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8871\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12201,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8871\/revisions\/12201"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8872"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8871"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8871"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8871"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}