{"id":8991,"date":"2018-02-26T19:12:34","date_gmt":"2018-02-26T17:12:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8991"},"modified":"2018-02-27T14:56:41","modified_gmt":"2018-02-27T12:56:41","slug":"altin-orani-kim-buldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=8991","title":{"rendered":"Alt\u0131n Oran\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Alt\u0131n oran<\/b>, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zel iki par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesidir.\u00a0Genellikle yunan alfabesinin 21. harfi phi (Fi\u00a0<\/strong>)\u00a0\u03a6 kullan\u0131larak sembolize edilir. Matmatiksel bir denklem bi\u00e7iminde ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilir;<\/p>\n

a \/ b = (a + b) \/ a = 1.6180339887498948420 …<\/p>\n

Pi say\u0131s\u0131<\/a> (bir dairenin \u00e7evresinin \u00e7ap\u0131na oran\u0131) gibi irrasyonel bir say\u0131d\u0131r ve alt\u0131n oran\u0131n rakamlar\u0131 da teorik olarak sonsuza kadar devam eder. Fi genellikle 1.618’e yuvarlan\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi kadar\u0131yla bu say\u0131 Eski\u00a0M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u00a0ve Antik Yunanlar taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f, mimaride, sanatta ve bilimde bir \u00e7ok kez kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alt\u0131n Oran tarih boyunca Alt\u0131n kesit, Alt\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcm, \u0130lahi oran, vb. gibi bir \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 isim kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle B\u00fcy\u00fck Piramitler ve Parthenon gibi bir\u00e7ok eski kreatif mimari eserde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. B\u00fcy\u00fck Piramit Giza’n\u0131n taban\u0131n her iki taraf\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 756 fit, y\u00fcksekli\u011fi ise 481 fittir. Taban\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fine oran\u0131 Alt\u0131n orana yak\u0131n, kabaca 1.5717’dir.<\/p>\n

Phidias<\/h3>\n

Phidias (M.\u00d6. 500, M.\u00d6. 432), Parthenon i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 heykellerin tasar\u0131mlar\u0131nda Alt\u0131n Oran\u0131 ilk kez uygulam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Yunan heykelt\u0131ra\u015f ve matematik\u00e7idir. Platon (M.\u00d6. 428, M.\u00d6. 347), Alt\u0131n Oran’\u0131 matematiksel ili\u015fkilerin evrensel ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak kabul etmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra, \u00d6klid (M.\u00d6. 365), Alt\u0131n Oran\u0131 kullanarak bir pentagram olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca “Elementler” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, bir do\u011fruyu 1.618’inci noktas\u0131ndan b\u00f6lmekten bahsetmi\u015f ve bunu, bir do\u011fruyu\u00a0ekstrem ve \u00f6nemli oranda<\/i>\u00a0b\u00f6lmek diye adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Leonardo Fibonacci<\/strong><\/h3>\n

1200 l\u00fc y\u0131llarda, \u0130talyan matematik\u00e7i Leonardo Fibonacci<\/strong>; kendi ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan say\u0131 serisi, Fibonacci dizisinin benzersiz \u00f6zelliklerinden biri olan Alt\u0131n oranla do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffetmi\u015ftir. \u0130ki ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k Fibonacci say\u0131 ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, oranlar\u0131 Alt\u0131n orana \u00e7ok yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Rakamlar y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e, oran 1.618’e daha da yak\u0131nla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Fibonacci dizisinde birbirini izleyen say\u0131lardan 3’\u00fcn 5’e oran\u0131 1.666′ d\u0131r. 13 ile 21 aras\u0131ndaki oran 1.615 iken say\u0131 y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e alt\u0131n orana daha da yakla\u015f\u0131mlaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin 144’\u00fcn 233’e oran\u0131 1.618 dir.<\/p>\n

Alt\u0131n oran bir dikd\u00f6rtgene uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu dikt\u00f6rtgene Alt\u0131n Dikd\u00f6rtgen ad\u0131 verilir. Sanatta Alt\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, t\u00fcm geometrik formlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda g\u00f6rsel olarak sanat eserinin, en tatmin edici \u00f6zelliklerinden biri olarak bilinmektedir. Alt\u0131n dikd\u00f6rtgen Alt\u0131n spiral ile dorudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Fibonacci \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri ile olu\u015fturulan karelerin biti\u015fik olarak dizilmesi ile Alt\u0131n Spiral elde edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

1509’da Luca Pacioli, “\u0130lahi Oran” olarak belirtti\u011fi say\u0131yla ilgili bir kitap yazd\u0131. Daha sonra Leonardo da Vinci eserlerinde fi’den yararlanm\u0131\u015f ve Sectio aurea ya da Golden Section olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Alt\u0131n oran, R\u00f6nesans’\u0131n bir \u00e7ok resim ve heykellerinde denge ve g\u00fczellik elde etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Da Vinci, Son Ak\u015fam Yeme\u011fi tablosunda, masan\u0131n boyutlar\u0131nda ve duvarlar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerinde ve arka planda yer alan \u00f6gelerde Alt\u0131n oran\u0131 kulland\u0131. Alt\u0131n oran Da Vinci’nin Vitruvian Man ve Mona Lisa adl\u0131 eserlerinde de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Alt\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131 kullanan di\u011fer \u00fcnl\u00fc sanat\u00e7\u0131lar aras\u0131nda Michelangelo, Raphael, Rembrandt, Seurat,\u00a0Le Corbusier ve Salvador Dali yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcne\u015f\u00a0etraf\u0131ndaki gezegenlerin y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerinin eliptik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffeden\u00a0Johannes Kepler<\/a> (1571-1630), Alt\u0131n Oran i\u00e7in: “Geometrinin iki b\u00fcy\u00fck hazinesi vard\u0131r; biri\u00a0Pythagoras’\u0131n teoremi, di\u011feri ise bir do\u011frunun Alt\u0131n Oran’a g\u00f6re b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesidir.”<\/p>\n

Mark Barr<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Fi\u00a0<\/strong>yani\u00a0\u03a6 sembol\u00fc, 1900’l\u00fc y\u0131llarda Amerikan matematik\u00e7i Mark Barr<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan ilk defa kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fi, matematikte ve fizikte g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye devam etti. 1970’lerde\u00a0Roger Penrose, o g\u00fcne kadar imk\u00e2ns\u0131z oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen, “Penrose Tiles : Y\u00fczeylerin be\u015fli simetri ile katlanmas\u0131”n\u0131 Alt\u0131n Oran sayesinde ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1980’lerde, Fi, o zaman yeni ke\u015ffedilen bir madde bi\u00e7imi olan, (quasi crystals) yar\u0131 kristallerde g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Fi, Estetik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda bile g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7indedir. Yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda, Fi’yi hi\u00e7 bilmeyen s\u0131radan deneklere, rasgele insan y\u00fczleri g\u00f6sterildi. Deneklerin \u00e7ekici olarak nitelendirdikleri ki\u015filer,\u00a0 Y\u00fczleri Alt\u0131n Orana yak\u0131n olanlard\u0131. Alt\u0131n Oran insanlarda i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel bir \u00e7ekim olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fada Alt\u0131n<\/a> Oran<\/h3>\n

\u00c7i\u00e7ek yapraklar\u0131:<\/strong> Baz\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7eklerdeki yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 Fibonacci dizilimini takip eder. Darwinci s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde, her bir yapra\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en iyi \u015fekilde almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Tohum kafalar\u0131:<\/strong> \u00c7i\u00e7ek tohumlar\u0131 genellikle merkezden \u00fcretilir ve alan\u0131 doldurmak i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin ay\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi alt\u0131n orana sahiptir ve bu paterni takip eder.<\/p>\n

\u00c7am kozalaklar\u0131:<\/strong> Tohum kabuklar\u0131n\u0131n sarmal bi\u00e7imi, z\u0131t y\u00f6nlerde yukar\u0131 do\u011fru \u00e7\u0131kar haldedir. Spirallerin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131m say\u0131s\u0131 Fibonacci say\u0131lar\u0131na uyma e\u011filimindedir.<\/p>\n

A\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131:<\/strong> A\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumu veya b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi Fibonacci dizisinin bir \u00f6rne\u011fidir. K\u00f6k sistemleri ve algler bu olu\u015fum modelini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Kabuklar:<\/strong> Salyangoz kabuklar\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok kabuk Alt\u0131n spiral i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel \u00f6rneklerdir.<\/p>\n

Spiral Galaksiler:<\/strong> Samanyolu’nun her biri 12 derecelik bir logaritmik spiral olan bir dizi spiral kolu bulunur. Spiralin \u015fekli Alt\u0131n spiral ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r ve Alt\u0131n dikd\u00f6rtgen herhangi bir spiral galaksinin \u00fczerine \u00e7izilebilir.<\/p>\n

Kas\u0131rgalar :<\/strong> Kabuklara \u00e7ok benzer, kas\u0131rgalar genellikle Alt\u0131n spiral g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

Hayvanlar:\u00a0<\/strong>Yunus, denizy\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131, kum dolar\u0131, deniz kestanesi, kar\u0131nca ve bal ar\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6vdeleri alt\u0131n orana sahip hayvanlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan Bedeni:<\/strong> \u0130nsan g\u00f6be\u011finden ayak taban\u0131na ve kafan\u0131n tepesinden g\u00f6bek deli\u011fine \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc Alt\u0131n oran\u0131 verir. Ancak, canl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda alt\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131n tek \u00f6rnekleri biz de\u011filiz.\u00a0Parmaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu, her b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00f6ncekinden yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak Fi oran\u0131nda fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

DNA molek\u00fclleri:<\/strong> Bir DNA molek\u00fcl\u00fc, \u00e7ift sarmal spiralin her tam devresinde 34 angstrom’u 21 angstrom ile \u00f6l\u00e7er. Fibonacci serisinde, 34 ve 21 ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k say\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alt\u0131n oran, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zel iki par\u00e7aya b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesidir.\u00a0Genellikle yunan alfabesinin 21. harfi phi (Fi\u00a0)\u00a0\u03a6 kullan\u0131larak sembolize edilir. Matmatiksel bir denklem bi\u00e7iminde ise a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilir; a \/ b = (a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10215,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[1093],"class_list":["post-8991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","tag-altin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8991"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8991"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8991\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10263,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8991\/revisions\/10263"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}