Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n icad\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde bir \u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ka\u011f\u0131t ta\u015f ve kil tabletlerin yerini alm\u0131\u015f ve bilginin daha kolay bir \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131, yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle matbaan\u0131n icad\u0131ndan sonra bas\u0131l\u0131 kitap ve evrak say\u0131s\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131ca artm\u0131\u015f ve insanlar\u0131n e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyleri artmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yaz\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan bilginin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcreci, ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n icad\u0131yla devam etmi\u015f, modern matbaan\u0131n geli\u015fmesi ile yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde internet sayesinde zirveye \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu g\u00fcn okudu\u011fumuz\u00a0 kitaplar, gazeteler, dergiler ve daha bir \u00e7o\u011fu ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerine bas\u0131l\u0131yor. Kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f olan ka\u011f\u0131t, end\u00fcstride ambalajlarda, temizlik ve hijyen maddelerinde, \u00fcretimde, t\u00fcketimde ve hatta ekonominin temel de\u011fi\u015fim arac\u0131 olan parada kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Sadece ka\u011f\u0131t end\u00fcstrisine y\u00f6nelik D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde a\u011fa\u00e7 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Milyonlarca insan, ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fcretim end\u00fcstrisinden kazan\u00e7 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Ka\u011f\u0131t icat edilmeden \u00f6nce insanlar ta\u015f, kil tabletler, tahta, hayvan deriler, kuma\u015f veya a\u011fa\u00e7 kabuklar\u0131 \u00fczerine yaz\u0131 yaz\u0131p resim yapt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Avrupada \u00f6zellkle g\u00fcrgen a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n kabuklar\u0131 yaz\u0131 yazmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Eski m\u0131s\u0131rda,\u00a0Nil nehrinin batakl\u0131k k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda yeti\u015fen Papir\u00fcs bitkisinden yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7e\u011fi\u015ft ka\u011f\u0131t kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar bu batakl\u0131k bitkisini yiyecek, giyecek, yakacak ve sal yapmak i\u00e7in de kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Papir\u00fcs, sadece eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda antik Yunanda ve antik Roma’da daka yaz\u0131 yazmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Zamanla antik Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011funda papir\u00fcs, yerini hayvan derilerinden yap\u0131lan par\u015f\u00f6men ve tir\u015feye b\u0131rakt\u0131. Par\u015f\u00f6men, dayan\u0131kl\u0131, yapmas\u0131 nispeden daha kolay fakat pahall\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 icat eden \u00c7inlilerdir<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan modern ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 \u00fcterme y\u00f6ntemi, M.\u00d6. 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7in\u2019de bir devlet g\u00f6revlisi olan\u00a0Cai Lun<\/strong>\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan icat edilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0\u00c7inde yap\u0131lan ilk ka\u011f\u0131tlarda dut a\u011fac\u0131 kabuklar\u0131 ve kuma\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131nda elde edilen sel\u00fcloz kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u011fa\u00e7 lifleri ve iplikler \u0131slat\u0131larak elde edilen hamur ince bir tabaka haline getirilmi\u015f ve daha sonra kurutularak kullan\u0131ma haz\u0131r ka\u011f\u0131t elde edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Ka\u011f\u0131t yakla\u015f\u0131k 1000 y\u0131l \u00c7in d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7imliler ka\u011f\u0131t yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bir s\u0131r olarak korumu\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130lk olarak 7. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Japonlar \u00e7inlilerin ka\u011f\u0131t yap\u0131m metodunu \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015flerdir ve Japon \u0130mparatoru Shototu zaman\u0131nda bir \u00e7ok kitap bu ka\u011f\u0131tlarla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00c7inliler ile Araplar aras\u0131nda Semerkant\u2019ta meydana gelen sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda ka\u011f\u0131t Araplar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Sava\u015f\u0131n galibi olan Araplar bir \u00e7ok \u00e7inliyi esir ald\u0131lar. Esirler aras\u0131nda ka\u011f\u0131t yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bilenler Araplara ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frettiler.\u00a0O d\u00f6nemde keten ve kenevir Semerkant’\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131ndan biriydi. Araplar bu iki bitkiyi ka\u011f\u0131t yapmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131lar. Semerkant’ta b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apta ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fcretilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n End\u00fcl\u00fcs emevilerinin \u0130spanyay\u0131 fethetmesi ile, k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t Avrupaya ula\u015ft\u0131. Avrupa\u2019da da ka\u011f\u0131t k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede end\u00fcstri haline geldi. Avrupal\u0131lar ka\u011f\u0131t yap\u0131m\u0131mda, keten ve kenevirin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra pamuklu pa\u00e7avralar da kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda ilk \u00f6nce \u0130talya, Almanya, Fransa ve Hollanda\u2019da ka\u011f\u0131t fabrikalar\u0131 kuruldu. \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ise 14. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Ama, \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ilk k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t fabrikas\u0131 ancak 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda kuruldu.<\/p>\n 1840\u2019da Alman\u00a0Friedrich Gottlob Keller<\/strong>\u00a0odun liflerinden k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t hamuru haz\u0131rlayabilen bir makine icat etti.\u00a01844 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Kanada\u2019l\u0131 mucit\u00a0Charles Fenerty<\/strong>\u00a0ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ah\u015fap elyaflar\u0131 hamur haline getiren ba\u015fka bir makine icat etti.<\/p>\n Bu iki icattan sonra\u00a0Ka\u011f\u0131t, herkesin alabilece\u011fi kadar ucuzlad\u0131. Ayn\u0131 zamanda\u00a0kalem<\/a>, dolma kalem ve\u00a0matbaa<\/a>\u00a0gibi ba\u015fka bulu\u015flar sayesinde insanlar daha fazla mektup yazd\u0131, daha fazla kitap ve gazete \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kayd\u0131n\u0131 daha fazla tutmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n icad\u0131 insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n modernle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde bir \u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ka\u011f\u0131t ta\u015f ve kil tabletlerin yerini alm\u0131\u015f ve bilginin daha kolay bir \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131, yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle matbaan\u0131n icad\u0131ndan sonra bas\u0131l\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[567],"class_list":["post-9140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egitim","tag-kagit"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9140"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9140"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11032,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9140\/revisions\/11032"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}