{"id":9318,"date":"2018-08-25T19:14:39","date_gmt":"2018-08-25T17:14:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=9318"},"modified":"2018-09-19T14:05:39","modified_gmt":"2018-09-19T12:05:39","slug":"evangelista-torricelli-kimdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=9318","title":{"rendered":"Evangelista Torricelli kimdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Evangelista Torricelli<\/strong> (1608 \u2013 1647) yetenekli bir \u0130talyan fizik\u00e7i ve matematik\u00e7iydi. S\u00fcrekli vakum t\u00fcp\u00fcn\u00fc yapan ilk ki\u015fi oldu ve barometreyi icat etti<\/a>. M\u00fckemmel bir matematik\u00e7i olarak geometri alan\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, on yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda integral kalk\u00fcl\u00fcs\u00fcn ke\u015ffine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Ayn\u0131 zamanda kaliteli teleskoplar ve mikroskoplar<\/a> yapan yetenekli bir mercek ustas\u0131 idi. Bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 birimi olan torr (sembol: Torr) onuruna adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Evangelista Torricelli Hayat\u0131<\/h3>\n

Evangelista Torricelli 15 Ekim 1608’de Roma’da bir tekstil i\u015f\u00e7isi olan Gaspare Ruberti ve Caterina Angetti ‘nin \u00fc\u00e7 erkek \u00e7ocu\u011funun ilki olarak d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Ebeveynlerinin m\u00fctevaz\u0131 bir hayat\u0131 vard\u0131. Evangelista, Faenza’da amcas\u0131 Brother Jacopo taraf\u0131ndan e\u011fitildi. Evangelista daha sonra 1624’te matematik ve felsefe okudu. Okulunda b\u00fcy\u00fck yetenek g\u00f6stererek, 1626 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Benedetto Castelli’nin y\u00f6netimindeki matematik, hidrolik, mekanik ve astronomi ile ilgili daha ileri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmak i\u00e7in Roma’ya g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n

Evangelista Torricelli Kariyeri<\/h3>\n

Torricelli, Galileo Galilei’nin astronomi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n hayran\u0131 oldu ve onunla mektupla\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Ancak Galileo\u2019nun Katolik Kilisesi\u2019yle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nedeniyle, Torricelli astronomi yerine matemati\u011fe odaklanmaya karar verdi.<\/p>\n

1633’te Torricelli, dokuz y\u0131l boyunca Galileo<\/a>‘nun yan\u0131nda tuttu\u011fu arkada\u015f\u0131 Giovani Ciampoli’ye sekreter olarak atand\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda 1644’te yay\u0131mlanacak olan \u201cOpera Geometrica\u201d i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu tamamlad\u0131.\u00a0Castelli \u2018nin tavsiyesi \u00fczerine Galileo, Toricelli \u2018yi Tuscany \u2018ye davet etti.<\/p>\n

Torricelli, Galileo\u2019nun hayat\u0131n\u0131n son birka\u00e7 ay\u0131nda, 1641’de Galileo\u2019nun asistan\u0131 oldu. 1642’de, Galileo’nun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc nedeniyle onun yerine atand\u0131 ve Toskana’n\u0131n Grand\u00fck\u00fc II. Ferdinando nun saray matematik\u00e7isi oldu. Bu pozisyon ona Floransa’da bulunan Medici saray\u0131nda konaklama ve iyi bir maa\u015f sa\u011flad\u0131. Torricelli \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar bu mevkiide g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Evangelista Torricelli Bilime Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Katk\u0131lar ve Ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131<\/h3>\n

Torricelli, matematikte geli\u015ftirmeler yapt\u0131 ve Bonaventura Cavalieri’nin \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcnmezlik teorisi\u201d ni geli\u015ftirerek bu teoriyi kavisli b\u00f6l\u00fcnmezleri kapsayacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletti. Sikloidin b\u00f6lgelerini ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k merkezini hesaplad\u0131. Onun bulgular\u0131, y\u00fczy\u0131lda Isaac Newton ve Gottfried Leibniz taraf\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak ke\u015ffedilen integral kalk\u00fcl\u00fcs\u00fcn temelini olu\u015fturdu. 1644’te \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fck Opera Geometrica (Geometric Works) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ak\u0131\u015fkanlar dinami\u011finde \u201cTorricelli teoremi\u201d ni ke\u015ffetti. Bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131ktan s\u0131v\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011finin karek\u00f6k\u00fc ile orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtti.\u00a0Sonsuz y\u00fczey alan\u0131na, fakat s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir hacme sahip olan \u201cTorricelli trompeti\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan geometrik fig\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerini inceledi.<\/p>\n

Torricelli ayr\u0131ca, mermilerin parabolik hareketini inceleyerek, herhangi bir a\u00e7\u0131dan f\u0131rlat\u0131lan mermiler i\u00e7in bir teori ortaya koydu. Hesaplamalar\u0131n\u0131 pratik kullan\u0131ma soktu, top\u00e7ulara say\u0131sal tablolar verdi, b\u00f6ylece her bir gerekli aral\u0131k i\u00e7in silahlar\u0131n olmas\u0131 gereken do\u011fru y\u00fcksekliklerini hesaplad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemlisi, su pompalar\u0131n\u0131n maksimum emme yeteneklerini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 civa barometresiydi. Torricelli, a\u011f\u0131r ve daha a\u011f\u0131r s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 kullanarak deneyler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi, bu da kabaca bir metre uzunlu\u011funda bir cam t\u00fcp ile c\u0131va kullan\u0131larak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir vakum olu\u015fturan bir deneyle sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Bu deney barometrenin geli\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u00fckemmel bir alet \u00fcreticisi olan Torricelli temel mercekleri ile zaman\u0131n\u0131n en iyi teleskop<\/a> ve mikroskoplar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n

Torricelli Deneyi<\/h3>\n

Normal \u015fartlarda (0 C\u00b0 ve denizden y\u00fckseklik s\u0131f\u0131r ) bir ucu kapal\u0131 1m uzunlunda cam boruyu civa ile doldurarak ters \u00e7evirip civa ile dolu \u00e7ana\u011fa bat\u0131r\u0131yor. Civan\u0131n \u00e7ana\u011fa tamamen bo\u015falmamas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni a\u00e7\u0131k hava bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n borudaki bas\u0131nc\u0131 dengelemesidir. Buna g\u00f6re civa y\u00fcksekli\u011fi borunun geni\u015fli\u011fi ile ilgili de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Evangelista Torricelli’nin \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/h3>\n

Torricelli\u00a0 Floransa’da, ressam Salvatore Rosa, Hellenist Carlo Dati ve hidrolik m\u00fchendisi Andrea Arighetti ile arkada\u015f oldu ve ne yaz\u0131k ki sergilenemeyen bir tak\u0131m komediler yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Torricelli 25 Ekim 1647’de tifo hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 39 ya\u015f\u0131nda Floransa’da \u00f6ld\u00fc ve San Lorenzo Bazilikas\u0131’na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evangelista Torricelli (1608 \u2013 1647) yetenekli bir \u0130talyan fizik\u00e7i ve matematik\u00e7iydi. S\u00fcrekli vakum t\u00fcp\u00fcn\u00fc yapan ilk ki\u015fi oldu ve barometreyi icat etti. M\u00fckemmel bir matematik\u00e7i olarak geometri alan\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, on…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3117,2369],"tags":[217,2794],"class_list":["post-9318","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim-insanlari","category-mucitler","tag-barometre","tag-evangelista-torricelli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9318"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9318"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9318\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11780,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9318\/revisions\/11780"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}