\u0130lk kamu oyu yoklamas\u0131 1824 y\u0131l\u0131 ABD ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imleri nedeniyle, Wilmington kenti se\u00e7menleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131. 532 se\u00e7men aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturman\u0131n soru\u00e7lar\u0131, Harrisburg Pennsylvanian gazetesinin 24 Temmuz 1824 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7lara bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, Andrew Jackson’\u0131n, John Quincy Adams ve \u00f6teki iki aday kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok rahat bir zafer elde etmesi bekleniyordu. \u0130ki \u015f\u0131kl\u0131 herhangi bir konuda se\u00e7menlerin karar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek amac\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ilk kamuoyu yoklamas\u0131, 18-28 Mart 1907 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Chicago Journal taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Gazete, Chicago halk\u0131na, o g\u00fcne de\u011fin \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen tramvay ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n belediyeye devredilip edilmemesi hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini soruyordu. Kamuoyu yoklamas\u0131, Chicagolular\u0131n y\u00fczde 59’unun tramvay ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n belediye taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinden yana oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu. Konuyla ilgili olarak yap\u0131lan resmi referandumda ise, ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde oy kullananlar\u0131n oram y\u00fczde 55 olarak saptand\u0131.<\/p>\n
Chicago Journal, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kamuoyu ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda, yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 4’l\u00fck bir yan\u0131lg\u0131ya u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde en ge\u00e7erli y\u00f6ntem olan “\u00f6rnekleme” y\u00f6ntemiyle kamuoyu yoklamas\u0131n\u0131n mucitleri, Amerikan Kamoyu Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden Dr. George Gallup, Furtune Survey’ den Elme Roper ve Crossley Poll’dan Archibald Crossley’dir. Her \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc de, bu y\u00f6ntemi 1935 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren kulanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Ancak, Roper, Temmuz ay\u0131nda otomobil sahipleri aras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir soru\u015fturma ile di\u011fer ikisinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7erek, \u00f6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemini kullanan ilk ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 oldu. Roper, araba sahiplerine, \u015fu soruyu soruyordu: “Otombil sizce bir l\u00fcks m\u00fc, yoksa gereksinim mi?” Erkeklerin y\u00fczde 75.5’i bu soruya “gereksinim” yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 verdiler. \u00d6rnekleme y\u00f6ntemi, her ya\u015f, cinsiyet, s\u0131n\u0131f ve \u00f6zel ilgi grubundan se\u00e7ti\u011fi temsilciler aras\u0131nda soru\u015fturma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, hata oran\u0131 en az olan y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130lk kamu oyu yoklamas\u0131 1824 y\u0131l\u0131 ABD ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imleri nedeniyle, Wilmington kenti se\u00e7menleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131. 532 se\u00e7men aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan soru\u015fturman\u0131n soru\u00e7lar\u0131, Harrisburg Pennsylvanian gazetesinin 24 Temmuz 1824 tarihli say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[562,561,1026],"class_list":["post-966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-toplum","tag-kamuoyu","tag-kamuoyu-yoklamasi","tag-referandum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/966"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=966"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7688,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/966\/revisions\/7688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}