{"id":9709,"date":"2018-02-19T14:08:05","date_gmt":"2018-02-19T12:08:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=9709"},"modified":"2018-03-13T00:20:53","modified_gmt":"2018-03-12T22:20:53","slug":"nikola-tesla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=9709","title":{"rendered":"Nikola Tesla Kimdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nikola Tesla kimdir, hayat\u0131, bulu\u015flar\u0131, icatlar\u0131, Tesla ve Edison<\/h2>\n

E\u011fitimli bir elektrik ve makine m\u00fchendisi olan Nikola Tesla, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en etkili mucitlerinden biriydi. 700’\u00fcn \u00fczerinde patenti bulunan Tesla, elektrik, robotik, radar ve kablosuz enerji iletiminin de i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu bir \u00e7ok alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Tesla’n\u0131n ke\u015fifleri ve icatlar\u0131<\/a>, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n teknolojik ilerlemelerinin \u00e7o\u011funun temelini att\u0131. (AC) Alternatif Ak\u0131m’\u0131n Babas\u0131, Radyonun Babas\u0131, 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 icat eden adam olarak bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

Nikola Tesla: 10 Temmuz 1856 – 7 Ocak 1943<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nikola Tesla’n\u0131n Hayat\u0131<\/h3>\n

Nikola Tesla’n\u0131n hayat\u0131 bir bilim kurgu filmi gibiydi. Zihninde,\u00a0makinelerin tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan \u0131\u015f\u0131k fla\u015flar\u0131 vard\u0131.\u00a0\u00c7o\u011fu zaman icat edece\u011fi \u015feyi, ka\u011f\u0131da d\u00f6kmek yerine, beyninde \u00fcretiyor, test ediyor ve kusursuz hale getiriyordu. Kendisini hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran icatlar<\/a>\u00a0yapmaya adam\u0131\u015f yenilik\u00e7i bir mucitti. Kolay bir hayat ya\u015famad\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Nikola Tesla’n\u0131n D\u00fcnya’y\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmak i\u00e7in kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yar\u0131\u015f \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131klarla doluydu.<\/p>\n

Nikola Tesla’n\u0131n \u00c7ocuklu\u011fu<\/h3>\n

Nikola Tesla, 1856 y\u0131l\u0131nda Smiljan Lika, H\u0131rvatistan’da bir S\u0131rp Ortodoks papaz\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu olarak d\u00fcnyaya geldi.\u00a0 Yenilik\u00e7i icatlar\u0131na annesine, evine ve \u00e7iftli\u011fe yard\u0131m etmek i\u00e7in mekanik yumurta \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131c\u0131 gibi aletler yaparak ba\u015flad\u0131. Tesla, Karlstadt’daki Realschule, Prag \u00dcniversitesi ve Avusturya Graz’daki Politeknik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde mekanik ve elektrik m\u00fchendisli\u011fi okudu.<\/p>\n

Tesla, Edison’la Beraber \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/h3>\n

1882’de 24 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Tesla, d\u00f6nen bir manyetik alan fikrini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Budape\u015fte’deki Merkezi Telefon Santrali’nde elektrik m\u00fchendisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu.\u00a0Tesla fikrini ger\u00e7e\u011fe \u00e7evirmeye kararl\u0131yd\u0131, ancak Budape\u015fte’de projesini destekleyecek kimseyi bulamad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Tesla, 1884’te New York’a ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131 ve kendisi hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir tavsiye mektubunu Thomas Edison’a sundu.\u00a0Edison Machine Works’te \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Akkor ampul\u00fcn mucidi Edison<\/a> ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk elektrikli ayd\u0131nlatma sistemi olan A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Manhattan’\u0131n ticari bloklar\u0131nda, Tesla’n\u0131n Edison’\u0131n elektrikli ayd\u0131nlatma sistemi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Tesla’y\u0131 haftada 14 $ art\u0131 sistemi iyile\u015ftirmesi durumunda 50.000 $ bonusla i\u015fe ald\u0131. Edison’un k\u00f6m\u00fcrle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan elektrik \u00fcretim istasyonu sistemi, o zamanlar yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,6 km yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131nda elektrik \u00fcretmekle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

DC ile AC Ak\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki\u00a0B\u00fcy\u00fck Anla\u015fmazl\u0131k<\/h4>\n

Tesla ve Edison birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 sayg\u0131 duymalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, en az\u0131ndan ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Tesla, Edison’un ak\u0131m\u0131n sadece bir y\u00f6nde (DC, do\u011fru ak\u0131m) akabilece\u011fini iddia etmesine itiraz etti. Tesla, elektrik enerjisinin d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel oldu\u011funu,\u00a0y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fcn (AC, alternatif ak\u0131m) de\u011fi\u015ftirebilece\u011fini ve Edison’un \u00f6nerdi\u011finin aksine gerilim d\u00fczeylerini artt\u0131rarak daha uzak mesafelere iletilebilece\u011fini iddia etti.<\/p>\n

Edison Tesla’n\u0131n 3 fazl\u0131 alternatif ak\u0131m fikrinden ho\u015flanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in kendi sisteminden Teslay\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Tesla’ya vermeyi taahh\u00fct ett\u011fi bonusu da vermeyi reddetti. Edison, bonus teklifinin sadece bir \u015faka oldu\u011funu ve Avrupa’dan gelen Tesla’n\u0131n Amerikan mizah\u0131n\u0131 anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Tesla, ihanete ve hakarete uyray\u0131nca, Thomas Edison i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tesla ve George Westinghouse \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi<\/h3>\n

Amerikal\u0131 bir sanayici, mucit, giri\u015fimci ve Thomas Edison’un en b\u00fcy\u00fck rakibi olan George Westinghouse Tesla’n\u0131n Edisonun yan\u0131nda ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bir f\u0131rsat olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Tesla’n\u0131n jenerat\u00f6rler, motorlar, transformat\u00f6rler ve \u00e7ok fazl\u0131 alternatif ak\u0131m sistemi ile 40 ABD patentinin haklar\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

1888 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tesla, alternatif ak\u0131m sistemini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in Westinghouse Electric Company’de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

O s\u0131ralarda, elektrik<\/a>, halk taraf\u0131ndan hala yeni ve yang\u0131nlar ve elektrik \u00e7arpmalar\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden korkulan bir \u015feydi.<\/p>\n

Edison, bu korkuyu alternatif ak\u0131mlara kar\u015f\u0131 karalama kampanyalar\u0131 kullanarak daha da besledi, hatta halk\u0131, alternatif ak\u0131m\u0131n do\u011fru ak\u0131mdan \u00e7ok daha tehlikeli oldu\u011funa inand\u0131rmak ve korkutmak i\u00e7in hayvanlar\u0131 elektrik vererek \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Westinghouse ve Tesla, 1893’te\u00a0Chicago’daki Columbian Fuar’\u0131nda,\u00a0Edison’un elektrik ampul\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak alternatif ak\u0131m\u0131n marifetlerini ve avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 halka g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

Alternatif ak\u0131m\u0131n aavntajlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6sterilmesi, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Edison’\u0131 finanse eden Amerikal\u0131 bir yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 olan J.P. Morgan’\u0131,\u00a0 Niagara \u015eelaleleri’ndeki ilk hidroelektrik santrali i\u00e7in Westinghouse ve Tesla ile anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.\u00a01895 y\u0131l\u0131nda in\u015fa edilen yeni hidroelektrik santrali 20 Mil (36 km)gibi inan\u0131lmaz bir uzakla\u011fa elektrik enerjisi<\/a> iletti.<\/p>\n

AC \u00fcreten b\u00fcy\u00fck santraller (b\u00fcy\u00fck nehirlerde barajlar kurularak elektrik \u00fcreten santraller), sonunda uluslararas\u0131 enerji iletimi ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kuracak ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde evlere verilen t\u00fcrden g\u00fc\u00e7 haline gelecekti.<\/p>\n

Bilimsel Mucit Tesla<\/h3>\n

“Akk\u0131mlar Sava\u015f\u0131” n\u0131 kazanan Tesla, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kablosuz hale getirmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 arad\u0131. 1898 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tesla, Madison Square Garden Elektrik Fuar\u0131’nda uzaktan kumandal\u0131<\/a> bir gemi sergiledi.<\/p>\n

Ertesi y\u0131l Tesla, ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek gerilim \/ y\u00fcksek frekansl\u0131 bir kule in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 Colorado Springs’te yapmak \u00fczere Colorado’ya ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131. Hedef, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z g\u00fc\u00e7 ve ileti\u015fim olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n titre\u015fen dalgalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak kablosuz bir enerji iletimini geli\u015ftirmekti. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sayesinde, 25 metrelik mesafede kablosuz 200 lambay\u0131 yakmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. 1891’de patentini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir transformat\u00f6r anten olan Tesla bobini kullanarak insan yap\u0131m\u0131 y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 atmosfere g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n

Aral\u0131k 1900’da Tesla, New York’a geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sinyal istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 (telefon, telgraf vb.) kablosuz olarak birbirine ba\u011flamak i\u00e7in bir “D\u00fcnya Sistemi” \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Fakat, Niagara \u015eelalesi projesini finanse eden ve destek veren yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 J.P. Morgan, herkesin yararlanabilece\u011fi “\u00fccretsiz” kablosuz elektrik projesini \u00f6\u011frendikten sonra Tesla ile olan s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini feshetti.<\/p>\n

Nikola Tesla’n\u0131n Gizemli Bulu\u015fu<\/h3>\n

10 y\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak Alternatif ak\u0131m \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir y\u00f6ntem bulan Nikola Tesla, herhangi bir yak\u0131t t\u00fcketmeyecek bir elektrik jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc icat etti\u011fini iddia etti. Tesla bulu\u015fu hakk\u0131nda, kozmik \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir.\u00a0Bu bulu\u015f halka a\u00e7\u0131klanmadan ortadan kaboldu.<\/p>\n

\u0130nan\u0131lmaz Mucitin \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h3>\n

Nikola Tesla, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda Thomas Edison’un rakibiydi.\u00a03 fazl\u0131 alternatif elektrik enerjisi icad\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6hret ve servet kazand\u0131rd\u0131. 1890’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Edison’dan daha \u00fcnl\u00fc hale geldi. \u015e\u00f6hretinin en tepe noktas\u0131nda \u015fairlerin, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n, sanayicilerin ve finans\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131ndayd\u0131.\u00a0Fakat Tesla, hem servetini hem de bilimsel itibar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti\u011fi i\u00e7in yoksul biri olarak hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu.<\/p>\n

7 Ocak 1943’te Tesla, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hotel New Yorker’da yata\u011f\u0131nda 86 ya\u015f\u0131nda koroner tromboz hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle \u00f6ld\u00fc. Hi\u00e7 evlenmemi\u015f olan Tesla, hayat\u0131n\u0131 yaratarak, icat ederek ve ke\u015ffederek ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar modern elektrik motoru, uzaktan kumanda, kablosuz iletim, temel lazer ve radar teknolojisi, ilk neon ve floresan ayd\u0131nlatma, ilk X-ray foto\u011fraflar\u0131, kablosuz vakum t\u00fcp\u00fc, otomobiller i\u00e7in hava s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme h\u0131z \u00f6l\u00e7er ve Tesla bobini (yayg\u0131n olarak radyo, televizyon setleri ve di\u011fer elektronik cihazlarda kullan\u0131l\u0131r) ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere 700 patent ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kay\u0131p Notlar<\/h4>\n

Tesla’n\u0131n icat etti\u011fi her \u015feyin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bitirecek vaktinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok fikri vard\u0131. Bu fikirlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 devasa silahlar i\u00e7eriyordu. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’na girmi\u015f bir D\u00fcnya Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fken sadece , b\u00fcy\u00fck silah fikirleri aran\u0131yordu. Tesla’n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra FBI, Tesla’n\u0131n e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 ve defterlerini ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n

ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin, Tesla’n\u0131n notlar\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgileri, sava\u015f sonras\u0131 silah in\u015fa etmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, “\u00f6l\u00fcm \u0131\u015f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n” fizibilitesini test eden “Project Nick” adl\u0131 gizli bir proje olu\u015fturdu ancak proje sonunda kapand\u0131 ve deneylerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yay\u0131nlanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu projede kullan\u0131lan Tesla’n\u0131n notlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 1952’de Yugoslavya’ya bir m\u00fczeye g\u00f6nderildi. G\u00f6nderilmeyen k\u0131s\u0131m ise kaybolmu\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor<\/p>\n

Radyo’ya Katl\u0131lar\u0131 ve Radyonun Babas\u0131<\/h4>\n

21 Haziran 1943 tarihinde ABD Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi, Tesla’n\u0131n radyo geli\u015fimine katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 1909’da Nobel Fizik \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kazanan Guglielmo Marconi<\/a>‘den ziyade “radyonun babas\u0131” olarak an\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verdi.<\/p>\n

Mahkeme’nin bu karar\u0131, Tesla’n\u0131n 1893 notlar\u0131na dayanarak ve muhtemelen, Marconi Corporation’\u0131n, Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda radyo patentlerini kullanma telifleri i\u00e7in ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetine dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle alm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nikola Tesla kimdir, hayat\u0131, bulu\u015flar\u0131, icatlar\u0131, Tesla ve Edison E\u011fitimli bir elektrik ve makine m\u00fchendisi olan Nikola Tesla, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en etkili mucitlerinden biriydi. 700’\u00fcn \u00fczerinde patenti bulunan Tesla, elektrik,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9710,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2369],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9709","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mucitler"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9709"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9709"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9709\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11391,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9709\/revisions\/11391"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9710"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}