{"id":9729,"date":"2018-02-18T14:38:12","date_gmt":"2018-02-18T12:38:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=9729"},"modified":"2018-10-03T10:48:36","modified_gmt":"2018-10-03T08:48:36","slug":"elektrigin-tarihi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=9729","title":{"rendered":"Elektrik ne zaman bulundu – Elektri\u011fin Tarih\u00e7esi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Elektri\u011fin ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze geli\u015fimi<\/h2>\n

Elektrik<\/a>, do\u011fan\u0131n temel bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan enerji bi\u00e7imlerinden biridir. Birincil olarak do\u011fal kaynaklarlardan elde edilir. \u0130kincil olarak ise, k\u00f6m\u00fcr, do\u011falgaz, petrol, n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7, r\u00fczgar, g\u00fcne\u015f ve di\u011ferleri gibi kaynaklardan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek elde ediliyor. Eskiden bir\u00e7ok \u015fehir ve kasaba, g\u00fc\u00e7 elde etmek i\u00e7in su \u00e7arklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eviren \u015felalelerin (birincil mekanik enerji kayna\u011f\u0131) yan\u0131nda in\u015fa edildi. Elektrik \u00fcretimi 100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ba\u015flamadan evler gazya\u011f\u0131 lambalar\u0131 ile ayd\u0131nlat\u0131ld\u0131, yiyecekler buz kutular\u0131nda so\u011futuldu. Odalar odun veya k\u00f6m\u00fcr sobalar\u0131 ile \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte elektrik ile ilgili tarihsel geli\u015fim k\u0131saca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M.\u00d6. 600<\/strong>
\nMiletuslu Thales<\/a>, kehribar\u0131n s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmesiyle elektriklenme olay\u0131n\u0131 buldu – \u015fu anda statik elektrik dedi\u011fimiz \u015feyi anlat\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

1600<\/strong>
\n\u0130ngiliz bilim adam\u0131 William Gilbert<\/a>, \u00f6nce “amber” s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden “elektrik” terimini \u00fcretti. Gilbert bir\u00e7ok maddenin “De magnete, magneticisique corporibus” kitab\u0131nda elektrifikasyon hakk\u0131nda yazd\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca ilk olarak elektrik kuvveti, manyetik kutup ve elektriksel \u00e7ekim terimini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n

1660<\/strong>
\nOtto von Guericke, statik elektri\u011fi \u00fcreten makineyi icat etti.<\/p>\n

1675<\/strong>
\nRobert Boyle, elektrik kuvvetinin bir vakumdan iletilebilece\u011fini,\u00a0\u00e7ekme ve itme \u00f6zelliklerini ke\u015ffetti ve g\u00f6zlemledi.<\/p>\n

1729<\/strong>
\nStephen Gray elektrik iletimini ke\u015ffetti.<\/p>\n

1733<\/strong>
\nCharles Francois du Fay, elektrik enerjisinin re\u00e7ineli (-) ve vitr\u00f6z (+) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan iki bi\u00e7imde geldi\u011fini ke\u015ffetti. Benjamin Franklin ve Ebenezer Kinnersley daha sonra iki formu art\u0131 ve eksi olarak yeniden adland\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

1745<\/strong>
\nGeorg Von Kleist, elektri\u011fin kontrol edilebilir ve depolanabilir oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffetti. Hollandal\u0131 fizik\u00e7i Pieter van Musschenbroek, ilk elektrik kondansat\u00f6r\u00fc olan “Leyden Jar” \u0131 icat etti. Leyden Jar statik elektri\u011fi depolamaya yar\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

1747<\/strong>
\nBenjamin Franklin, havadaki statik y\u00fckler\u00a0hakk\u0131nda deneyler yap\u0131yor ve par\u00e7ac\u0131klardan olu\u015fabilecek elektrikli bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 teorile\u015ftirmi\u015fti. William Watson, bir devre yoluyla Leyden Jar’\u0131 de\u015farj ederek ak\u0131m ve devrenin anla\u015f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.\u00a0Henry Cavendish farkl\u0131 malzemelerin elektrik iletkenli\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7meye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1752<\/strong>
\nBenjamin Franklin y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m \u00e7ubu\u011funu yani paratoner veya y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131msavar’\u0131 icat etti – y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n bir elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

1767<\/strong>
\nJoseph Priestley, elektri\u011fin, Newton’un yer\u00e7ekiminin ters kare yasas\u0131n\u0131 izledi\u011fini ke\u015ffetti.<\/p>\n

1786<\/strong>
\n\u0130talyan fizik\u00e7i Luigi Galvani<\/a>, kurba\u011fa kaslar\u0131n\u0131 elektrostatik bir makineden gelen bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mla se\u011firme yapt\u0131klar\u0131nda sinir uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n elektriksel temeli oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1800<\/strong>
\nAlessandro Volta ilk elektrik pilini icat etti.\u00a0 Volta, ayr\u0131ca elektri\u011fin teller \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fini kan\u0131tlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

1816<\/strong>
\nABD’de ilk enerji \u015firketi kuruldu.<\/p>\n

1820<\/strong>
\nElektrik ve manyetizma aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki, elektrik ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n bir pusulada i\u011fneyi etkiledi\u011fini g\u00f6zlemleyen Hans Christian Oersted ve Marie Ampere taraf\u0131ndan teyit edildi. Marie Ampere, bir kablo telinin, bir ak\u0131m ge\u00e7ti\u011finde m\u0131knat\u0131s gibi davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetti.<\/p>\n

Fran\u00e7ois Arago<\/a>, elektrom\u0131knat\u0131s\u0131 icat etti.<\/p>\n

1821<\/strong>
\nMichael Faraday<\/a> ilk elektrik motorunu icat etti.<\/p>\n

1826<\/strong>
\nGeorg Simon Ohm<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan\u00a0 “potansiyel, ak\u0131m ve devre direncini ilgilendiren iletim yasas\u0131” yaz\u0131s\u0131nda elektrik direncinden bahsetti.<\/p>\n

1827<\/strong>
\nJoseph Henry’nin elektromanyetik deneyleri, elektrik ind\u00fcktans\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca Joseph Henry ilk elektrik motorlar\u0131ndan birini yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

1831<\/strong>
\nMichael Faraday\u00a0elektromanyetizma ind\u00fcksiyonu, olu\u015fumu ve iletimi ilkeleri taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi.<\/p>\n

1837<\/strong>
\n\u0130lk end\u00fcstriyel elektrik motorlar\u0131 \u00fcretilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131<\/p>\n

1839<\/strong>
\nilk yak\u0131t h\u00fccresi, Galli yarg\u0131\u00e7, mucit ve fizik\u00e7i Sir William Robert Grove taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi.<\/p>\n

1841<\/strong>
\nJ. P. Joule’un elektrikli \u0131s\u0131tma yasas\u0131 yay\u0131nland\u0131.<\/p>\n

1873<\/strong>
\nJames Clerk Maxwell, elektromanyetik alan\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan denklemleri yazd\u0131 ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131nda hareket eden elektromanyetik dalgalar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1878<\/strong>
\nEdison Electric Light Co. (ABD) ve American Electric and Illuminating (Kanada) kuruldu.<\/p>\n

1879<\/strong>
\nSan Francisco’da ilk ticari enerji santrali a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131, Charles Brush jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc ve ark lambalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130lk ticari ark ayd\u0131nlatma sistemi, Cleveland, Ohio’da ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Thomas Edison<\/a>, akkor lambay\u0131<\/a> Menlo Park’\u0131 New Jersey’de tan\u0131tt\u0131.<\/p>\n

1880<\/strong>
\n\u0130lk elektrik sistemi Edison’dan kuruldu.<\/p>\n

Grand Rapids Michigan’da: Charles Brush, tiyatro ve ma\u011faza ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan su t\u00fcrbini taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6nlendirilen \u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 dinamo kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1881<\/strong>
\nNiagra Falls, New York; Quigley’nin un fabrikas\u0131ndaki t\u00fcrbinle ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Charles Brush dinamosu, \u015fehir sokak lambalar\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

1882<\/strong>
\nEdison Company, Pearl Street elektrik santralini a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

Wisconsin’de ilk hidroelektrik santral\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1883<\/strong>
\nElektrik transformat\u00f6r\u00fc icat edildi. Thomas Edison “\u00fc\u00e7 kablolu” iletim sistemini tan\u0131tt\u0131.<\/p>\n

1884<\/strong>
\nBuhar t\u00fcrbini Charles Parsons taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi.<\/p>\n

1886<\/strong>
\nWilliam Stanley transformat\u00f6r ve Alternatif Ak\u0131m elektrik sistemi geli\u015ftirdi. Frank Sprague, ilk Amerikan transformat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131 ve Massachusetts B\u00fcy\u00fck Barrington’da uzun mesafeli AC g\u00fc\u00e7 iletimi i\u00e7in kademeli transformat\u00f6rlerin kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Westinghouse Electric Company kuruldu. 40 ila 50 adet suyla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan elektrik santrallerinin ABD ve Kanada’da hatt\u0131nda yap\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi.<\/p>\n

1887<\/strong>
\nKaliforniya’daki San Bernadino’da, Bat\u0131’daki ilk hidroelektrik santrali olan High Grove \u0130stasyonu a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1888<\/strong>
\nAC alternat\u00f6r Nikola Tesla<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan icat edildi.<\/p>\n

1889<\/strong>
\nOregon City’de, Willamette Falls istasyonu, ilk AC hidroelektrik santrali oldu.<\/p>\n

Tek fazl\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7, Portland’a 13 kilometre uzakta 4.000 voltta iletildi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ma 50 volta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

1891<\/strong>
\n60 devirli AC sistemi ABD’de piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1892<\/strong>
\nGeneral Electric Company, Thomson-Houston ve Edison General Ele’n\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle kuruldu.<\/p>\n

1893<\/strong>
\nWestinghouse, Chicago fuar\u0131nda evrensel elektrik \u00fcretim ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemini sergiledi.<\/p>\n

Teksas, Austin’de, Colorado Nehri boyunca in\u015fa edilmi\u015f hidroelektrik enerjisi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanan ilk baraj tamamland\u0131.<\/p>\n

1897<\/strong>
\nElektron J. J. Thomson taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedildi.<\/p>\n

1900<\/strong>
\nEn y\u00fcksek voltaj iletim hatt\u0131 60 kilovolt oldu.<\/p>\n

1902<\/strong>
\nFisk St. Station (Chicago) i\u00e7in 5 Megawatt’l\u0131k t\u00fcrbin kuruldu.<\/p>\n

1903<\/strong>
\n\u0130lk ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 gaz t\u00fcrbini (Fransa). D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk t\u00fcm t\u00fcrbin istasyonu (Chicago). Shawinigan Water & Power d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck jenerat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc (5000 Watt) ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en y\u00fcksek voltaj hatt\u0131n\u0131 (Montreal’e 136 Km ve 50 Kilovolt) kurdu.<\/p>\n

Elektrikli s\u00fcp\u00fcrge ve Elektrikli \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r makinesi icat edildi.<\/p>\n

1904<\/strong>
\nJohn Ambrose Fleming diyot do\u011frultucu vakum t\u00fcp\u00fcn\u00fc icat etti.<\/p>\n

1905<\/strong>
\nSault Ste. Marie, Michigan, do\u011frudan ba\u011fl\u0131 dikey m\u0131knat\u0131sl\u0131 t\u00fcrbinler ve jenerat\u00f6rler ile ilk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck yak\u0131tl\u0131 hidroelektrik santrali a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n

1906<\/strong>
\nIlchester, Maryland, Ambursen Baraj\u0131’n\u0131n i\u00e7inde tam dalg\u0131\u00e7 hidroelektrik santrali in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1907<\/strong>
\nLee De Forest elektrik amplifikat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc icat etti.<\/p>\n

1909<\/strong>
\n\u0130lk pompal\u0131 elektrik depolama tesisi \u0130svi\u00e7re’de a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1910<\/strong>
\nErnest R. Rutherford atom i\u00e7indeki elektrik y\u00fck da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1911<\/strong>
\nWillis Haviland Carrier, temel Rasyonel Psikrometrik Form\u00fcllerini Amerikan Makina M\u00fchendisleri Toplulu\u011fu’na a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Form\u00fcl, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde klima end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in temel hesaplamalar\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

R.D. Johnson, diferansiyel y\u00fcksek gerilim tank\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretti ve Johnson, hidrostatik cebri boru vanas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretti.<\/p>\n

1913<\/strong>
\nElektrikli buzdolab\u0131 icat edildi. Robert Millikan, elektrik y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc tek bir elektronda \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1917<\/strong>
\nW. M. White taraf\u0131ndan patenti al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f hidrazon taslak t\u00fcp\u00fc icat edildi.<\/p>\n

1920<\/strong>
\nYaln\u0131zca toz haline getirilmi\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr yakan\u00a0ilk ABD santrali a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1922<\/strong>
\nConnecticut Vadisi Enerji De\u011fi\u015fimi (CONVEX), kurulu\u015flar aras\u0131ndaki \u00f6nc\u00fc ara ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n

1935<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck liglerdeki ilk gece beyzbol oyunu elektrikli ayd\u0131nlatma ile oynan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1936<\/strong>
\nEn y\u00fcksek buhar s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1920’lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda 900 Fahrenheit’den\u00a0 600 Fahrenheit’e ula\u015ft\u0131.\u00a0Boulder (Hoover) Baraj\u0131’na 266 mil uzakl\u0131kta 287 kilovolt ileten elektrik hatt\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1947<\/strong>
\nTransist\u00f6r icat edildi.<\/p>\n

1953<\/strong>
\n\u0130lk n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7 santrali \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1954<\/strong>
\n1954 tarihli Atom Enerjisi Yasas\u0131, n\u00fckleer reakt\u00f6rlerin \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyetine izin verir.<\/p>\n

1980<\/strong>
\n\u0130lk ABD r\u00fczgar \u00e7iftli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1986<\/strong>
\n\u00c7ernobil n\u00fckleer kazas\u0131 (SSCB) meydana geldi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Elektri\u011fin ge\u00e7mi\u015ften g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze geli\u015fimi Elektrik, do\u011fan\u0131n temel bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan enerji bi\u00e7imlerinden biridir. Birincil olarak do\u011fal kaynaklarlardan elde edilir. \u0130kincil olarak ise, k\u00f6m\u00fcr, do\u011falgaz, petrol, n\u00fckleer g\u00fc\u00e7,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9730,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3105],"tags":[644],"class_list":["post-9729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-icatlar","tag-elektrik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9729"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9729"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9729\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12225,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9729\/revisions\/12225"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9730"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}