{"id":985,"date":"2011-01-08T16:15:10","date_gmt":"2011-01-08T14:15:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=985"},"modified":"2018-03-05T21:06:37","modified_gmt":"2018-03-05T19:06:37","slug":"saban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/?p=985","title":{"rendered":"Saban\u0131 kim buldu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Saban,\u00a0insanl\u0131k tarihindeki en \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flardan<\/a>\u00a0biridir. Saban, topra\u011f\u0131 alt\u00fcst etmek, tarlay\u0131 tohum ekilebilir hale getirmek ve \u00e7ift s\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in hayvan\u0131n ko\u015fuldu\u011fu, ucu sivri demirli tar\u0131m aletidir. Saban\u0131n icad\u0131 ve kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi \u00e7ok eskidir. Saban, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde tar\u0131m\u0131n ve uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fmesine neden olan en \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7lardan biridir. Tarih boyunca, bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgenin yerle\u015fim alan\u0131 haline gelmesi, ancak buralar\u0131n sabanla fethinden sonra m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu.<\/p>\n

Saban\u0131n icad\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Ortado\u011fu’daki \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, topra\u011f\u0131n y\u00fczeyini odun par\u00e7alar\u0131 ile de\u015ferek ekilebilir hale getiriyorlard\u0131. Bu y\u00fczden ekim alanlar\u0131, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde besleyicilerden yoksun hale geliyor ve verimliliklerini yitiriyorlard\u0131. M.\u00d6. 3500 y\u0131llar\u0131nda saban\u0131n bulunmas\u0131yla bu durum de\u011fi\u015fti. Saban, topra\u011f\u0131n karn\u0131n\u0131 daha derinden yar\u0131yor ve b\u00f6ylece, bitki k\u00f6klerinin iyice derinlere inmesine ve kolayca beslenmesine olanak sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Bunun sonucu, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bereketli bir hasatt\u0131. Ekim kolayla\u015f\u0131p \u00fcr\u00fcn bolla\u015f\u0131nca, insanlar tar\u0131mdan ba\u015fka i\u015flere ve zanaatlara da y\u00f6neldiler. Ayr\u0131ca, topraklan uzun s\u00fcre verimli kalabildi\u011fi iyin ekim yapt\u0131klar\u0131 yerlere yerle\u015ftiler. B\u00f6ylece, k\u00f6yler ve kentler do\u011fdu. Ortado\u011fu’nun yumu\u015fak topraklar\u0131nda, saban\u0131n tahta b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131, rahat\u00e7a derinlere inebiliyordu.<\/p>\n

M.\u00d6. 5 ve 6. y\u00fczy\u0131llara uzan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda saban\u0131n en eski \u00e7e\u015fitlerine Mezopotamya\u2019da rastlar\u0131z. \u0130lk sabanlar ta\u015f veya a\u011fa\u00e7tan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, itmek veya \u00e7ekmekle insanlar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Eski M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar bu durumu biraz daha geli\u015ftirdiler. Esirleri, sabana benzer aletlerin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7irerek \u00e7ektirirler ve topra\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrlerdi. Daha sonraki y\u0131llarda hayvanlara ba\u011flanarak \u00e7ekilen sabanlar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu ilerleme ve geli\u015fme i\u00e7erisinde Eski Romal\u0131lar da topra\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcren k\u0131sm\u0131, b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 demirden olan saban yapmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Daha \u00f6nceki as\u0131rlarda, Asya\u2019da kullan\u0131lan sabanlar\u0131n, tarihi kaynaklarda, 6 ve 7. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Orta Avrupa\u2019da kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak, Avrupa’da bu kolay de\u011fildi. Bu nedenle, \u00f6zellikle Kuzey Avrupa’da uygarl\u0131k \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r bir geli\u015fim g\u00f6sterdi. Ancak, M.\u00d6. 500 y\u0131l\u0131nda sabana demir b\u0131\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 takmay\u0131 ak\u0131l edebilen Avrupal\u0131, bol \u00fcr\u00fcne kavu\u015ftu ve ondan sonrad\u0131r ki, uygarl\u0131k konusunda Ortado\u011fu’yla yar\u0131\u015fabilir hale geldi.<\/p>\n

Tarih \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131 i\u00e7inde saban, de\u011fi\u015fik \u015fekiller ald\u0131. Topra\u011f\u0131 daha derin s\u00fcrmek ve alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne iyice \u00e7evirebilmek i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fik usuller kullan\u0131ld\u0131. S\u00fcr\u00fclen ve alt\u0131 \u00fcst\u00fcne getirilen topra\u011f\u0131n daha verimli oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcnce b\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00f6vdesi geni\u015f, u\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131 ince sabanlar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Son y\u00fczy\u0131llarda b\u00fct\u00fcn aksam\u0131 demir olan ve pulluk ismi verilen alet yap\u0131ld\u0131. Pulluk; bir demir okun etraf\u0131nda sa\u011fa sola rahatl\u0131kla d\u00f6nebilen u\u00e7lar\u0131 keskin iki kanattan meydana gelmektedir. \u0130lk \u00f6nceleri hayvanlar yard\u0131m\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan bu alet, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde trakt\u00f6rlerle \u00e7ekilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pulluklar topra\u011f\u0131n derinli\u011fine ve geni\u015fli\u011fine g\u00f6re ayarlanabilen modern sabanlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Saban,\u00a0insanl\u0131k tarihindeki en \u00f6nemli bulu\u015flardan\u00a0biridir. Saban, topra\u011f\u0131 alt\u00fcst etmek, tarlay\u0131 tohum ekilebilir hale getirmek ve \u00e7ift s\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in hayvan\u0131n ko\u015fuldu\u011fu, ucu sivri demirli tar\u0131m aletidir. Saban\u0131n icad\u0131 ve kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9513,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[585,584],"class_list":["post-985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarim","tag-saban","tag-sabanin-icadi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=985"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10955,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/985\/revisions\/10955"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9513"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ilkkimbuldu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}